Quiz 1 Astronomy

Astronomy

The scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena in the universe, including the objects beyond Earth and the processes by which they interact.

Science

A method of acquiring new knowledge about how things work, not just a set of facts to memorize.

How does astronomy differs from other sciences

Astronomy relies more on observations of distant objects than on lab experiments, unlike chemistry, biology, or physics.

Observations in astronomy

Gathering information about distant objects to help build understanding and models.

What is a Model

An idea or framework built to help explain and understand observations.

Hypothesis

A testable model that describes observations and can be used to predict outcomes.

Purpose of astronomy

To understand the universe from the Big Bang to the present and trace its evolutionary processes over billions of years.

Science as a "progress report"

Science constantly updates our understanding as new techniques and instruments allow us to explore the universe more deeply.

Evolution of the cosmos

The universe changes in profound ways over long periods, producing elements like carbon, calcium, and oxygen necessary for life.

Importance of tracing cosmic evolution

Following the evolutionary processes of the universe helps us understand how it becomes more hospitable to life and more complex structures over time.

Scientific theory

Hypothesis supported by many observations and experiments.

Testing a hypothesis

Compare predictions with results; revise if needed.

Observational science

Science done by observing, not manipulating, objects.

Historical science

Studies events that already happened.

Universal laws

Rules of nature that apply everywhere in the universe.

Scientific law

Consistent "rule" derived from observations and experiments.

Self-correcting science

Knowledge improves through testing, review, and revision.

Geocentric model

Earth at center of universe; old model.

Heliocentric model

Sun at center; better fits observations.

Scientific notation

Powers-of-ten method to write very large or small numbers.

Light-year (ly)

Distance light travels in one year (~9.46×10¹² km).

Astronomical Unit (AU)

the average distance between the earth and the sun

Parsec (pc)

Distance unit, 1 pc ≈ 3.26 light-years.

Importance of units

Ensures accurate measurement and comparison.

Cosmic evolution

Universe changes over time, producing elements and life conditions.

Language vs. equations

Equations describe complex phenomena more precisely than words.

Changing models

New observations can update or replace old models.