AP Exam Review - Major Treaties & Agreements

Treaty of Augsburg - Date

September 25, 1555

Treaty of Augsburg - Purpose

To end religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire by allowing princes to choose their territories' religion.

Treaty of Augsburg - Significance

Promoted religious tolerance allowing for rulers to chose Lutheranism or Catholicism

Peace of Westphalia - Date

October 24, 1648

Peace of Westphalia - Purpose

To establish a framework for ending the Thirty Years' War and resolving territorial disputes in Europe.

Peace of Westphalia - Significance

States have the right to self-governance. Religious freedom

Congress of Vienna - Date

September 1814 - June 1815

Congress of Vienna - Purpose

To restore balance of power in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars and establish a new political framework. Establish a lasting peace

Congress of Vienna - Significance

It redrew the political boundaries of Europe and aimed to prevent future conflicts through cooperation among European powers. Pivotal moment for long term stability in political order

Treaty of Frankfurt - Date

May 10, 1871

Treaty of Frankfurt - Purpose

To end the Franco-Prussian War

Treaty of Frankfurt - Significance

It marked the unification of Germany and imposed harsh reparations on France, leading to future tensions. Shifting of power

Treaty of Nanking - Date

August 29, 1842

Treaty of Nanking - Purpose

To end the First Opium War and establish peace between Britain and China.

Treaty of Nanking - Significance

China had to open ports to trade. Relaxed Chinese foreign trade

Treaty of Kanagawa - Date

March 31, 1854

Treaty of Kanagawa - Purpose

To open Japan to American trade and establish diplomatic relations.

Treaty of Kanagawa - Significance

End of 200 year Japan isolationist policy, initiating a new era of foreign relations and trade for Japan. This treaty marked the beginning of Japan's modernization and integration into the global economy.

Berlin Conference - Date

November 15, 1884 to February 26, 1885

Berlin Conference - Purpose

Lay basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa and divide African territory among European powers.

Berlin Conference - Significance

The Berlin Conference formalized the scramble for Africa, resulting in extensive colonization and exploitation of African resources, with little regard for indigenous cultures and governance.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Date

March 3, 1918

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Purpose

To sign a peace agreement between the Central Powers and Bolshevik Russia, ending Russia's involvement in World War I.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Significance

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk significantly altered the geopolitical landscape by granting Germany and its allies territorial gains, while allowing the Bolshevik government to focus on internal issues, which ultimately influenced the outcome of World War I.

Treaty of Versailles - Date

January 1919

Treaty of Versailles - Purpose

To formally end World War I and establish peace conditions between the Allies and Germany.

Treaty of Versailles - Significance

The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany, contributing to political and social unrest in Europe.

Nazi-Soviet Non aggression Pact - Date

August 23, 1939

Nazi-Soviet Non aggression Pact - Purpose

Prevent war between Nazi Germany and Soviet Union. Agreed to not attack each other

Nazi-Soviet Non aggression Pact - Significance

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact allowed Germany to invade Poland without fear of Soviet intervention, effectively dividing Eastern Europe between two totalitarian regimes and leading to the start of World War II.

United Nations Created - Date

October 24, 1945

United Nations Created - Purpose

To promote international cooperation and maintain peace.

United Nations Created - Significance

The significance of the creation of the United Nations lies in its role as a platform for dialogue among member states aimed at preventing conflicts, enhancing human rights, and fostering global development.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Date

1949

North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Purpose

To ensure collective defense among member states. To keep Russians out, Americans in, and Germans downby providing military support and political unity.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Significance

Rebuild West Germany military against Soviet attack

Maastricht Treaty - Date

February 7, 1992

Maastricht Treaty - Purpose

To create the European Union and establish a framework for economic and monetary union among member states.

Maastricht Treaty - Significance

Marked significant integration of Europe, promoting peace and stability.