5 Democracy and Participation

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15 Terms

1

Electoral System

A set of rules that determine how votes are cast, counted, and translated into seats in a legislature.

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2

Invisible Primary

The period in which candidates gather support and raise funds before the official primaries begin.

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3

Primaries

Elections held by political parties to select their candidates for the general election.

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4

Caucuses

A local gathering of party members to nominate candidates for office, generally less common than primaries.

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5

Electoral College

A body of electors established by the Constitution, responsible for electing the President and Vice President.

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6

Campaign Finance

The process of raising and spending money to influence the outcome of elections.

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7

Hard Money

Political contributions that are limited and regulated by federal law.

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8

Soft Money

Money raised by political parties in unlimited amounts, often used for general party activities rather than specific candidates.

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9

Incumbency

The holding of an office or the period during which one is held.

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10

Super PACs

Type of independent political action committee that may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals to advocate for or against political candidates.

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11

Political Action Committee (PAC)

An organization that raises and spends money to elect or defeat candidates.

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12

Federal Election Commission (FEC)

An independent regulatory agency that administers and enforces federal campaign finance laws.

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13

Primary Election

An election that narrows the field of candidates before the general election.

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14

National Party Convention

A convention held by a political party to nominate candidates for president and vice president and to adopt a party platform.

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15

Proportional Representation

An electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes they receive.

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