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Electoral System
A set of rules that determine how votes are cast, counted, and translated into seats in a legislature.
Invisible Primary
The period in which candidates gather support and raise funds before the official primaries begin.
Primaries
Elections held by political parties to select their candidates for the general election.
Caucuses
A local gathering of party members to nominate candidates for office, generally less common than primaries.
Electoral College
A body of electors established by the Constitution, responsible for electing the President and Vice President.
Campaign Finance
The process of raising and spending money to influence the outcome of elections.
Hard Money
Political contributions that are limited and regulated by federal law.
Soft Money
Money raised by political parties in unlimited amounts, often used for general party activities rather than specific candidates.
Incumbency
The holding of an office or the period during which one is held.
Super PACs
Type of independent political action committee that may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals to advocate for or against political candidates.
Political Action Committee (PAC)
An organization that raises and spends money to elect or defeat candidates.
Federal Election Commission (FEC)
An independent regulatory agency that administers and enforces federal campaign finance laws.
Primary Election
An election that narrows the field of candidates before the general election.
National Party Convention
A convention held by a political party to nominate candidates for president and vice president and to adopt a party platform.
Proportional Representation
An electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes they receive.