Chapter 9 Jacksonian Democracy Terms

Democrats

another name for the Jacksonians; all men are created equal, limited government and a stronger presidency

“King Mob”

name for Jackson by Supreme Court Justice; after the mob at the White House when Jackson took office; suggests Jackson’s leader ship was chaotic

Election of 1828

between Jackson and Adams; Jackson wins with support from the common man; negative campaigning

“Spoils System”

Jacksons concept of political office as a reward for victory; gave supporters a place in office and got rid of opposers

“Kitchen Cabinet”

consisted of Van Buren and some close friends as advisors; Jackson used this as his informal cabinet

Martin Van Buren

Jacksons Secretary of State; influenced Jackson greatly, later on President

Senator Robert Hayne

senator of South Carolina and spokesmen for Vice President Calhoun; supported the South and West alliance based on cheap land and low tariffs

Webster-Hayne Debate

Hayne argued for nullification, Webter disagreed and tore Hayne apart; Webster believed in a strong national government

McCulloch v. Maryland

developed federal supremacy, made the National Bank constitutional, stated Implied powers exist and are constitutional

Nicholas Biddle

president of the Bank of the United States; realized his institution could act as a rudimentary central bank, regulating the availability of credit

National Republicans

supported a strong national government, a national bank, and economic growth; helped Biddle gain a following

Roger B. Taney

advised Jackson closely on Bank affairs, helped him move government funds into state banks; helped himself with where he moved the funds

“Pet Banks”

refers to states banks that received federal deposits; favored by Jackson because they supported his policies

Peggy Eaton Affair

Secretary of War’s wife who was said to have had an affair, Jackson defended her after Calhoun’s wife led the trashing of her name; ruined relationship between Calhoun and Jackson

Maysville Road Veto

Jeckson vetoes this because the route was wholly within Kentucky; he believed local projects be left to the states

Alexis de Tocqueville

Frenchman who wrote Democracy in America; opposed the Indian resettlement and saw it as cruel

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Indians challenging Georgia’s law that declared all Cherokee laws void and the Cherokee Nation part of Georgia; Marshal said the Indians couldn’t sue in a U.S. court

Worcester v. Georgia

involved two missionaries to the Cherokee that did not have licences required by Georgia law; Marshal ruled that the state could not control the Cherokee or their nation

Trail of Tears

name for the route that 15,000 Cherokee were forced to take to leave Georgia for Oklahoma; at 4,000 died on the way

Specie Circular

issued by Jackson, provided that purchasers must pay for public land in gold or silver, ruined the banking economy

Whigs

a political group that was United only on the fact that they hated Jackson

Panic of 1837

banks went bankrupt because they lent out more paper money than they had gold

Independent Treasury Act

Buren’s way of removing the government from banking; called for the construction of government owned vaults to store federal revenues until needed, all payments to the government after this were to be in cash

Log Cabin Campaign

based on false narrative that Henry Harrison lived a average, common life; used by Whigs to win election of 1840

John Tyler

Whigs vice president candidate; took presidency after Harrison died