Reproductive System Overview

Flashcards to review key concepts from the lecture notes on the reproductive system.

What are the essential reproductive organs in females?

Ovaries

What are the essential reproductive organs in males?

Testes

What is the primary function of ovaries?

To produce sex cells called ova and reproductive hormones.

What is the name of the tubes where fertilization occurs in females?

Uterine tubes or oviducts.

Define oogenesis.

The production of female gametes or sex cells.

What triggers ovulation according to hormonal control?

A surge of LH and FSH.

What is PMS and what are common symptoms?

Premenstrual syndrome, which includes symptoms like irritability, depression, and bloating.

At what age does menstruation typically cease?

Between the ages of 45 and 55, referred to as menopause.

What is the primary function of the prostate gland?

To produce a protective and nutrient-rich fluid for sperm.

What is the average sperm production in males per day?

200-300 million sperm.

What hormone is primarily produced by the interstitial cells of the testes?

Testosterone.

What is the role of the seminal vesicles?

To produce the largest portion of seminal fluid and provide energy to sperm.

What is the definition of ectopic pregnancy?

Pregnancy occurring in the abdominal cavity or fallopian tubes, outside the uterus.

What causes genital herpes and how is it transmitted?

Caused by a virus; transmitted during sexual contact when blisters are present.

What does the term 'spermatogenesis' refer to?

The process of sperm production.

What are the three phases of the uterine cycle?

Menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phases.

How are spermatids formed?

Through meiosis, resulting from primary spermatocytes.

What is the significance of the corpus luteum after ovulation?

It secretes estrogen and progesterone and remains active if the oocyte is fertilized.

What is the primary purpose of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

To receive sperm during sexual intercourse and to expand during childbirth.

What are the two main structures that comprise the penis's erectile tissue?

Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.

What is Chlamydia and why is it significant?

The most common STD that can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.

What is the effect of estrogen on follicle cells during the menstrual cycle?

It stimulates the division of follicle cells.

What is the importance of the follicular phase in the ovarian cycle?

It prepares the follicles for ovulation.