Reconstruction and the Gilded Age

These flashcards cover key concepts and events from the Reconstruction era and the Gilded Age as discussed in the lecture.

What does the title of the cartoon 'Worse Than Slavery' imply about conditions for African Americans during Reconstruction?

It implies that segregation, violence, and loss of rights during Reconstruction created conditions for African Americans that were harsher than slavery.

What terrorist group used violence to deprive African Americans of their rights during Reconstruction?

Ku Klux Klan.

What economic system forced many African Americans to remain working on farms due to debts?

Sharecropping.

How did industrial growth impact the distribution of wealth?

Wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few industrialists.

Which industrial leader founded Standard Oil and controlled 90% of all U.S. oil refineries?

Rockefeller.

What was the purpose of the Pendleton Civil Service Act?

To end hiring practices based on the spoils system.

What is defined as the separation of people based on race in public facilities?

Segregation.

What laws punished African Americans in the South for being jobless and limited their voting rights?

Black Codes.

What is the 'Grandfather clause'?

A black code that made it easier for whites to vote by allowing those whose relatives had voted before the Civil War to bypass certain voting restrictions.

What does 'The Union As It Was' refer to in the context of pre-Civil War America?

It refers to the period before the Civil War when Southern states maintained white supremacy and slavery.

Which agency was established to support newly freed slaves with jobs, food, and education?

Freedmen’s Bureau.

What type of exam was used in the South to restrict African American voting rights?

Literacy Test.

What does 'The Lost Cause' refer to?

The Southern belief that the Confederacy fought a noble but doomed fight, with slavery not being the main cause of the Civil War.

What revolutionized American communication in the late 1800s?

Telegraph and telephone.

What did Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction call themselves?

Carpetbaggers.

What were white Southerners who supported Reconstruction referred to as?

Scalawags.

What was the goal of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

To promote fair industrial competition.

What term did critics use to describe powerful industrialists during the Industrial Revolution?

Robber Barons.

What common factor do child labor, railroad strikes, socialism, and labor unions share?

They were all effects of the Industrial Revolution.

How did Congress approach the South during Radical Reconstruction?

They wanted to be hard on the South.

What does it mean when a farmer has to give half their crop to a landlord?

Sharecropping.

Which Supreme Court case allowed legal segregation to continue in the South?

Plessy v. Ferguson.

What event is associated with violence after talks failed over wage cuts?

Haymarket Riot.

What are the Reconstruction Amendments?

A set of laws added to the Constitution to protect African Americans’ rights and freedoms.

How did laissez-faire politics affect business during the Industrial Revolution?

The government made no policies to regulate business.

Which amendment granted African American men the right to vote?

15th Amendment.

Which city was known as the 'golden door' for immigrants?

New York.

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

It freed all slaves in the United States.

What region was devastated following the Civil War?

The South.

What is the overall message of the cartoon discussed in the lecture?

Reconstruction failed to protect African Americans, leading to violence, segregation, and loss of freedom.

What contributed to American industrial growth in the late 1800s?

Technological advances.

What does the man on the right in the cartoon represent?

He represents white supremacist groups and shows their role in oppressing African Americans after the Civil War.

What did the Pullman Strike and the Homestead Strike have in common?

Violence occurred after wages were cut and talks failed.

What is a Poll Tax?

A fee paid in order to register to vote in the South.

What was the main objective of nativists during the Gilded Age?

To restrict immigration.

What amendment granted citizenship and protections to African Americans?

14th Amendment.

Which parts of government had control of the South during Radical Reconstruction?

Congress and the Executive Branch.

Which statement does NOT describe the effects of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S.?

The workforce decreased.