pe gcse paper 1

What are the three types of muscle?

Skeletal

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

To move the skeleton and produce movement.

What is the role of the muscular system in sport?

It produces movement

What is an agonist?

The muscle primarily responsible for producing a movement.

What is an antagonist?

The muscle that works against the agonist to control or reverse movement.

What happens to the biceps during elbow flexion?

The biceps contracts while the triceps relaxes.

What happens to the triceps during elbow extension?

The triceps contracts while the biceps relaxes.

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Right atrium

What is the function of the right side of the heart?

It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

What is the function of the left side of the heart?

It pumps oxygenated blood around the body.

What is the function of arteries?

They carry blood away from the heart.

What is the function of veins?

They carry blood towards the heart.

What is the function of capillaries?

They allow exchange of gases and substances between blood and tissues.

What is the role of valves in the heart?

They prevent the backflow of blood.

What is cardiac output?

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate.

What is tidal volume?

The amount of air breathed in or out in one normal breath.

What is vital capacity?

The maximum amount of air that can be forcibly breathed out after the deepest possible breath in.

What happens to breathing during exercise?

Breathing rate and depth increase to supply more oxygen and remove more carbon dioxide.

What is aerobic respiration?

Energy release using oxygen.

What is anaerobic respiration?

Energy release without enough oxygen

What is the main energy system used during short

explosive activity?

What is flexibility?

The range of movement possible at a joint.

What is a synovial joint?

A freely movable joint.

What is a hinge joint?

A joint that mainly allows movement in one plane

What is a ball-and-socket joint?

A joint allowing movement in many directions

What is a lever in the body?

A rigid structure

What are the three classes of lever?

First-class

What is mechanical advantage?

When a lever allows a relatively large resistance to be moved with less effort.

What are the three planes of movement?

Sagittal