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SCIENCE

REVIEWER ABOUT VOLCANOES

The Myths and the origin of volcanoes - GROUP 1

The myths of volcanoes :

Philippines

Hawaii

iceland

The myth of mayon volcano - Phillipines

The quarrel between a giant, a warrior, and a goddess explains the creation of landforms.

The tragic love story explains the perfect cone shape of Mayon Volcano.

In the myth, calm weather and peace are associated with the gentle spirit of Daragang Magayon, who protects the land even after her death.

The volcano symbolizes the lovers’ eternal bond, with the mountain standing as a monument to their love.

The myth of Mauna Loa volcano - Hawaii

Mauna Loa, the largest volcano in the world

Pele, the Hawaiian goddess of fire and volcanoes

Legends tell that Pele is passionate and quick-tempered. Eruptions of Mauna Loa are seen as her anger or way of asserting power.

It is also believed that Mauna Loa protects the big island from tropical cyclones.

Maui and the fishbook. It is said the the creation of new islands was his doing. He pulls up the islands from the ocean floor.

The myth of katla volcano - Iceland

A woman named Katla who was a witch with magical breeches that allowed her to run as fast as the wind.

She fled to the Mýrdalsjökull glacier and threw herself into a crevice, where she found a dormant volcano. Her act of desperation is said to have caused the volcano to erupt (geysers), leading to a massive flood, and the volcano was named after her.

Mischievous demon trapped under a boulder or even a sleeping dragon within the volcano, which is said to awaken and reshape the land during an eruption.

The Origin of volacanoes

Volcanoes originate from Earth's internal heat escaping through the crust, primarily along tectonic plate boundaries where plates collide or pull apart.

Magma from the mantle rises to the surface, erupting as lava, ash, and gases to build up a cone-shaped mountain over time.

A smaller number of volcanoes also form over "hot spots," areas far from plate boundaries where a column of magma from deep within the Earth melts through the crust.

Volcanism

Most are broken into large segments called tectonic plates, which are const Volcanoes originate

Most volcanic activity occurs where these plates interact (converge or diverge), but some also form in the middle of plates at "hotspots".

Convergent Boundaries and Volcanic Arcs

Convergent plate boundaries commonly produce volcanic arcs.

Water from the subducting plate lowers the melting point of the mantle above it, creating magma.

At convergent boundaries, one plate is forced beneath another (subduction).

Volcanic Hotspot

Volcanic hotspots are areas in the Earth's mantle where a thermal plume of extra-hot magma rises to the surface

Hotspots form when deep, hot mantle plumes rise and melt the crust, creating volcanoes in the middle of tectonic plates.

Hotspots and Mantle Plumes

This heat melts the base of the overlying tectonic plate, creating magma that erupts on the surface to form a volcano.

These plumes are thought to originate near the core-mantle boundary and remain in a fixed position.

Formation of Volcanic Island Chains

The islands are a classic example of intraplate volcanism caused by a mantle plume.

A chain of islands forms over a hotspot because the tectonic plate slowly moves over the stationary hotspot.

Divergent Boundaries

These features form as plates pull apart and magma rises to fill the gap.

Large mountains are NOT usually found at divergent plate boundaries.

Mountain building typically occurs where plates collide (convergent boundaries) due to the intense pressure and folding of the crust, not where they separate.

PANGEA

Was a supercontinent that existed approximately 299 to 180 million years ago

Volcanic eruptions were the key part of the process that eventually led to the formation of new ocean basins as the continents moved apart.