Functionalism in Sociology

These flashcards cover the main concepts, theories, and critiques surrounding Functionalism in sociology.

What perspective does Functionalism represent in sociology?

A structuralist and consensus perspective focused on social systems and shared values.

What is the foundation of society according to Functionalism?

Society is based on a value consensus, which is a set of shared norms and values.

Who proposed the four essential functions of the family?

George Murdock in 1949.

What are the four essential functions of the family according to Murdock?

Stable satisfaction of the sex drive, reproduction of the next generation, socialisation of the young, and meeting economic needs.

What does Parsons' 'Functional Fit' Theory state about family structure?

Family functions and structure depend on the type of society; nuclear families fit modern industrial societies, while extended families fit traditional pre-industrial societies.

What are the two essential needs of an industrial society?

A geographically mobile workforce and a socially mobile workforce.

What primary functions does the modern nuclear family provide?

Primary socialisation of children and stabilisation of adult personalities.

What criticisms do some sociologists have against Functionalism?

It neglects conflict and exploitation and presents an overly harmonious view of family life.

Who conducted research on English households that indicated a predominance of nuclear families?

Peter Laslett in 1972.

What did Young & Wilmott argue about working-class extended families during the early industrial period?

They became 'mum-centred', with mothers and married daughters supporting each other.

What theory did Anderson (1980) support regarding extended family ties?

Exchange Theory, suggesting that the benefits of maintaining extended family ties outweighed the costs in harsh conditions.

What conclusion did Young & Wilmott reach about nuclear families in the 20th century?

Nuclear family emerged due to social changes that made extended families less important.

Despite changes, what role does the extended family still play today?

Provides important functions such as financial help, childcare, and emotional support.