General Terms + Homeostasis

Anatomy

Anatomy

Study of the structures of the body, what they are made of, where they are located, and associated structures

Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic)

The study of large, easily observable structures

Surface Anatomy

studies exterior features

Regional Anatomy

Studies body areas

Systemic Anatomy

Studies Groups of organs working together

Microscopic Anatomy

The study of very small structures such as cells and molecules, where a magnifying glass or microscope is needed

Cytology

Study of Cells

Histology

Study of Tissues and their structures

Physiology

The study of functions of anatomical structures, as well as their individual and cooperative functions

Cell Physiology

Processes within and between cells

Special Physiology

Functions of specific organs

Systemic physiology

Functions of an organ system

Pathological physiology

Effects of diseases

Chemical (Molecular)

study of atoms and molecules such as water, sugar, & proteins

Cells

the smallest units of life

Tissue

groups of similar cells that have a common function (4 basic types)

Organ

structures composed of 2 or more tissue types that perform a specific function for the body (extremely complex functions become possible – ex. Small intestines has all 4 tissue types)

Organ System

groups of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose (each organ has its own job to do)

Organism

highest level of structural organization

The 5 Common Life Functions

Responsiveness, Growth, Reproduction, Metabolism, Movement

The 5 Survival Needs

Oxygen, Food, Water, Air Pressure, Body Temperature

Homeostasis

The body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing. Systems respond to external and internal changes to function within a normal range

Receptor

Receives the stimulus

Control Center

Processes the signal and sends instructions

Effector

Carries out instructions

Negative Feedback

The response of the effector negates (turns off, goes against, or reduces) the stimulus

Positive Feedback

The response of the effector increases the change in the stimulus. Body moves further away from homeostasis

System Integration

Systems work together to maintain homeostasis