GRIZAL Summary of all Presentations

Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso

Full names of Jose Rizal's parents

The Claveria Decree

1840s decree requiring Filipinos to adopt systematic surnames

Polo y Servicio

System of forced, unpaid labor for Filipino males aged 16–60

Domingo Lam-co

Rizal's 2nd great-grandfather from Jinjiang, China (origin of "Mercado")

Noli Me Tángere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891)

Rizal's two most famous novels

Calamba, Laguna, Philippines

City where Jose Rizal was born

Spain

European country where Rizal studied

"The Reign of Greed" or "The Subversive"

Meaning of El Filibusterismo

Noli Me Tángere

Title of Rizal's first novel

Francisco Mercado or Teodora Alonso

Name one of Rizal's parents

Laong Laan

Rizal's pen name in La Solidaridad

Antonio de Morga

Spanish colonial official and historian

The Philippines a Century Hence or Letter to the Young Women of Malolos

Name one of Rizal's famous essays

Ophthalmologist (eye doctor)

Rizal's profession aside from being a writer

Segunda Katigbak

Jose Rizal's first love

Peninsulares

Spaniards born in Spain who held highest positions

Insulares

Spaniards born in the Philippines with fewer privileges

Ilustrados

Educated mestizo/Filipino elites who studied abroad

Frailocracy

Rule by friars where Church power exceeded government

Principalia status

Allowed Rizal formal education in Manila/Europe

Mestizo-Chinese heritage

Gave Rizal land ownership and societal influence

Jose in Rizal's name

Derived from Saint Joseph

Protacio in Rizal's name

From Saint Gervacio Protacio (June 19 feast day)

Rizal surname

Adopted due to Claveria Decree

Mercado surname

From Chinese ancestor Domingo Lam-co

Liberal ideas in Europe

Inspired Rizal's progressive writings

Spanish Cortes representation

Propaganda Movement's political goal

Secularization

Demand for Filipino priests over Spanish friars

La Solidaridad

Main propaganda newspaper for reform ideas

The Philippine Revolution

Major event sparked by Rizal's execution

Ignorance

Root cause of oppression identified by Rizal

Noli: social ills and reform; Fili: vengeance, despair, radicalism

Comparison of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

Revolution’s explosive potential and danger of misdirected rage

Symbolism of the lamp in El Filibusterismo

Noli: corrupt but redeemable; Fili: fully oppressive – shows Rizal’s disillusionment

Differences in clergy portrayal in Noli vs Fili

Counter colonial myths and affirm pre-colonial Filipino identity

Purpose of Rizal’s annotations to Morga’s Sucesos

Turned him into a national martyr and symbol of independence

Historical significance of Rizal’s execution

The Indolence of the Filipinos; blamed colonialism and poor conditions

Essay refuting claims of Filipino laziness

Mi Ultimo Adios

Poem Rizal wrote before his death

Hidden in an alcohol lamp and passed to family by Trinidad and Josephine

How was Mi Ultimo Adios smuggled

"The Philippines a Century Hence"

Predicts the country’s future under Spanish/foreign rule

"The Indolence of the Filipinos" (La Indolencia de los Filipinos)

Refutes claims of Filipino laziness; blames colonial policies

"To the Young Women of Malolos" (Sa Mga Kababayang Dalaga sa Malolos)

Advocates women’s education and empowerment

"Love of Country" (Amor Patrio)

First published essay in Spanish; encourages patriotism

Segunda Katigbak

Rizal’s first love (from Lipa, Batangas)

Leonor Rivera

His "true love" and inspiration for María Clara

Josephine Bracken

Irish common-law wife in Dapitan

Saturnina, Paciano, Narcisa, Olimpia, Lucia, Maria, Concepción, Josefa, Trinidad, Soledad

Full names of Rizal’s siblings