ME Final Review (plus 23 and 24) PERSONALIZED

Symptoms of ischemic stroke (CVA)

yawning, coma, dilated pupils, loss of ½ of field of vision, confusion, dizziness

Symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke (CVA)

yawning, coma, occipital headache, neck pain/stiffness

Acute myocardial infarction

aspirin, chest pain lasting 20 minutes or longer

Stimulant considerations

all dilate pupils, do not give local anesthetic

Stimulant drugs

includes methamphetamine and cocaine

Stimulant drug overdose

presents as anxiety, agitation, tachycardia, intracranial hemorrhage, chest pain, and MI

Depressant drugs

includes opiods, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines

Opioid overdose

presents as lethargy, hypotension, hypothermia, coma, respiratory depression, and death

Barbiturates/Benzodiazepines overdose

presents as lethargy, slurred speech

Why not to induce vomiting in case of overdose

in case of obstructed airway, and it can cause seizures

Facial cellulitis

worst periodontal cause of pain, drains into deeper tissue layers, this is the dental emergency people can die of

Fractures as a dental emergency

cracked root could mean splinting, otherwise, treat with filling, root canal treatment, or extraction

Hiccoughing

symptom of pacemaker malfunction

Nodular goiter

enlarged thyroid gland with multiple nodules

Hypertensive urgency

stage 2 Systolic 140 mmHg or higher or diastolic 90 mmHg or higher, headache, anxiety, SOB, tinnitus, edema

Hypertensive emergency

An extremely high blood pressure reading accompanied by acute, life-threatening target end-organ damage (such as a myocardial infarction or stroke) dyspnea, chest pain, altered consciousness, visual loss, seizures, nausea/vomiting, eventually coma

Acute pulmonary edema

heart failure emergency, gasping, rapid pulse, cyanotic lips and nail beds, dyspnea with cough that may produce frothy, blood

Status epilepticus

continued/repetitive GTCS, life threatening, can last hours or days, 3 to 23% mortality rate

Ischemic stroke

treat with aspirin!

Left heart failure

reduced cardiac output, so blood coming into the left ventricle gets backed up and can cause pulmonary edema, symptom is dyspnea

Right heart failure

blood stays in tissue and causes swelling, usually after the other one, causes swollen ankles/legs, anxiety, restlessness

Stable angina

physical activity/stress triggered, lasts 1 to 15 mins, responds to nitroglycerine, no change in symptoms or frequency in 60 days

Unstable angina

pre infractory, only should receive minimal/emergency dental care, vasoconstrictor contraindicated, nitroglycerine may or may not help, lasts 30 mins

Variant angina

spasm, spontaneous, low risk for CAD, nitroglycerine helps, more likely to occur at rest

Myocardial infarction

total/partial occlusion, part of heart dies, caused by atherosclerosis, thrombus, or spasm, can lead to cardiac arrest, use nitroglycerine

Asthma rates

Adult females 30% higher incidence, 30% higher incidence in boys up to age 17 than girls

Infectious asthma onset

gradual onset, long duration

Severe hypoglycemia

AKA insulin shock, affects 30% of diabetics

Diabetes

metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia

Epinephrine

is administered into deltoid or quadriceps

Macrovascular/Microvascular Complications

increases risk of gangrene and amputation

Type II diabetes

fat one

Causes for instrument breakage

does NOT involve defective instruments from manufacturer

Adrenal crisis cause

body severely lacking cortisol, can be because undiagnosed, stressful situation, or illness/infection

Risk for excessive bleeding

hemophilia, anticoagulants, hematoma

Epistaxis (nosebleeds)

hypertensive patients more at risk for this