AP World Modern Unit 1-3 Timeline

750-1258

Abbasid Caliphate;

• changed capital of Damascus

• founded Baghdad as the new capital

• the “golden age of Islam”

  • flourished science and culture

• the transition of Greek and Roman books into Arabic

What followed the fragmentation of the Abbasid Caliphate?

Dar al Islam;

• Judaism, Christianity, and Islam interacted with each other

• described the “abode of Islam”

• expanded into regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, and Southeast Asia

• still considered the “golden age of Islam”

  • even despite the Abbasid Caliphates political decline

• advances in algebra and medicine

960-1279

Song Dynasty;

• innovations and advances in gunpowder, the compass/navigation, paper money, campa rice

• filial piety (respect of elders)

• Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism

• Civil Service Exams

what happened to the Song Dynasty in 1279?

The Mongols conquered ending a period of over 300 years of rulers.

1206-1526

Delhi Sultanate;

• Mamluks (mainly Turkic people) converting to Islam

• some blending with Hindu and Islamic traditions

• they rose to power despite the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate

• Mamluks conquered due to their military strengths

1206-1277

Genghis Khan;

• creation of the Mongol empire

• ruled for 21 years

• he had religious tolerance

• he would take over regions and fill their political positions with his own people

What regions did the Mongols take over?

• China

• Central Asia

• Middle East

• Eastern Europe

• Western Asia

1215

Magna Carta;

• King John singed due to pressure from his Barons who were angry because of his unfair treatment

• was created to allow for fair trial to those with freedom

1258

Mongols sack Baghdad;

• leads to end of Abbasid Caliphate

1279

Pax Mongolia on the Silk Road;

• a period of peace within the Mongol empire

• enhanced the Silk Road and created a vast, unified, and safe trade route

• facilitated cultural exchange

1279-1923

Yuan Dynasty in China;

• practiced religious tolerance under Mongol rule

• they extended the grand canal to reach the capital in Beijing

• first empire to use paper money

• advancements in technology; math, science, porcelain, firearms.

1299-1923

Ottoman Empire;

• founded by a Turkic leader

• highly bureaucratic form of government

  • big decisions are made by the state

• the empire spanned 3 continents, Southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa

• the Janissary Corps, was created from former Christian boys who converted to Islam and were loyal to the Sultan

• ruled over communities that weren’t Islamic and forced them to pay taxes to keep practicing their religions

• had a very strong military, and used firearms

1324

Mansa Musa;

• ruler of the Mali empire

• spread Islam and gold/wealth

• went on Haji pilgrimage to Mecca

• Timbuktu was transformed into a vast center of learning and culture

1325

Tenochtitlan founded;

• capital of the Aztec Empire

• large, well-engineered city with canals, causeways, temples, and palaces

• it served as the religious, political, and economic center of the Aztec world

1325-1354

Ibn Battuta;

• traveler, explorer, scholar

• journeyed across Africa, Asia, and Europe

• dictated his travel account

• his journey provided vast historical insights into the social customs, political systems, and economic activities of diverse cultures

1346-1388

The Black Death;

• (1346) spreads through China due to fleas on rats on the Silk Road

• its impact included massive death tolls, social unrest, persecution of minority groups like Jews

• long-term economic and social changes

  • decline of feudalism and advancements in public health practice

• traveled to Europe via trade routes and merchant ships

1368-1644

Ming Dynasty;

• known for major construction projects like the Great Wall and the Forbidden City

• extensive maritime expeditions led by Zheng He

• flourishing trade, and a golden age in arts and literature

• It was marked by a strong centralized government based on Confucianism

• revived civil service exam

1405-1430

Zheng He;

• commanded seven massive "treasure fleet" expeditions

• voyages projected Chinese power, promoted trade, and established diplomatic relations across the Indian Ocean

1428-1521

Aztec Empire;

• known for its capital city, Tenochtitlan, built on an island in Lake Texcoco

• formed the Triple Alliance to expand their power across central Mexico

• developed advanced farming techniques like chinampas (floating gardens)

• human sacrifice

• polytheistic

• gender parallelism

1438-1533

Inca Empire;

• known for its vast road network and capital in Cusco, Peru

• advanced stonework, and cultivation of crops like potatoes

• use of knotted cords called quipus for record-keeping

• extensive road system

• terrace farming

• everyone had to periodically for the state in some form

• gender parallelism