Clinical Use of GI Drugs - 2

Yes

Do different species have extensive differences in the effects of different prokinetic drugs on GI motility?

Receptors

The differences between species in the effects of prokinetic drugs occur due to different locations of what in different parts of the GI tract between species?

Lidocaine

Which GI prokinetic drug also has indirect effects like inflammation, reperfusion injury, and pain?

Metoclopramide

Which prokinetic drug causes increased acetylcholine release and dopamine antagonism? It increases gastric emptying, increases esophageal sphincter tone, and stimulates duodenal motility.

Antiemetic

In dogs metoclopramide is mainly used to produce what effect? In horses it increases SI motility, in pigs and sheep it increases stomach emptying, and in ruminants it increases rumen motility and causes functional pyloric stenosis.

Cisapride

Which prokinetic drug is a serotonin 5-HT4 agonist, increases stomach motility and emptying, and increases motility of the SIs and colon?

Horse

In which animal does cisapride cause coordinated prokinesis of the SI, left dorsal colon, and ileocecocolonic junction?

Dog

In which animal does cisapride cause gastroesophageal reflux, delayed gastric emptying, and is used in small bowel motility disorders?

Cat

In which animal is cisapride used for chronic constipation, affecting the whole GI tract?

Betanechol

Which drug is a miscellaneous prokinetic, an AChM agonist, and causes motility of the ileocecocolonic region in cattle, increased gastric emptying in horses, and common adverse effects?

Erythromycin

Which miscellaneous prokinetic drug is a motilin-receptor agonist which stimulates the pyloric antrum and smooth muscles of the proximal small intestine?

Motilin

On what receptor is erythromycin an agonist, giving it prokinetic activity?

Lidocaine

Which miscellaneous prokinetic drug has indirect effects giving it prokinetic activity, allowing improved intestinal motility in horses to correct post-operative ileus?

Spasmolytics

Which group of drugs includes N-butylscopolammonium, which is an acetylcholine antagonist? It relaxes the smooth muscles in the GI tract, is a quaternary ammonium compound with no CNA action, has similar action to atropine, can be combined with metamizoles in an analgesic, spasmolytic, and antipyretic combination, and is indicated for horses with colic due to gas spasms/impactions, with effects of 20 minutes, and bronchoconstriction.

Acetylcholine

On what receptor is N-butylscopolammonium (a spasmolytic) an antagonist?

Histamine 2

Antagonists of what specific receptor, such as cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine, can act as anti-ulcer drugs?

Proton-pump

Inhibitors of what important transporter protein, such as omeprazole and pantoprazole, can function as anti-ulcer drugs?

Misoprostol

Which anti-ulcer drug is an example of a prostaglandin analogue?

Chelation

What adverse effect is seen in the use of antacids for anti-ulcer medication?

Increase

An increase or decrease of gastric pH is one of the adverse effects of using H2 antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors as anti-ulcer drugs?

Sucralfate

Which anti-ulcer drug is the only one which does not have interference of the absorption of other drugs as an adverse effect?

Ioperamide

Which antidiarrheal drug is a motility modifier, decreases intestinal contractions, stimulates the absorption of fluids, electrolytes, and glucose, and has specific local actions like limited absorption?

Kaolin-pectin

Which antidiarrheal drug changes stool consistency, can be combined with salicylate, and binds with other drugs?

Bismuth-subsalicylate

Which antidiarrheal is also called peptobismol, adsorbs intestinal endotoxins, treats heliobacter, turns the stool black, and is used to treat acute diarrhea in calves and foals?

Clostridium

Which diarrhea-causing microbe is treated by antimicrobials, probiotics, metronidazole, ampicillin, macrolides, or clindamycin?

E. coli

Which diarrhea-causing microbe mainly in boxers is treated by fluoroquinolones, amoxicillin, ampicicillin, or tetracyclines?

Giardia

Which diarrhea-causing microbe is treated by metronidazole only?

C. jejuni

Which diarrhea-causing microbe is usually self-limiting but can be treated with macrolides, fluoroquinolones, clindamycin, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol?

Salmonella

Which diarrhea-causing microbe is treated by fluid and electrolyte treatment, gentamicin iv (horses), fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol/florfenicol, ampicillin, amoxi-clavulanate, TMPZ, or cephalosporins?

Tylosin

What antibacterial drug is usually used to treat chronic diarrhea?

Sulfasalazine

Which drug used to treat IBS combats ulcerative or idiopathic colitis, plasmacytic-lymphocytic colitis, and can cause adverse effects due to its sulphonamide component?

Corticosteroids

Which drugs can be used to treat IBS in cases like eosinophilic colitis, plasmacytic-lymphocytic colitis, and can include prednisolone with azathioprine-budesonide?

Azathioprine

Which drug can be used to treat IBS by suppressing lymphocyte responses, treats severe IBS in dogs, and can have adverse effects like diarrhea and liver injury? Cats are more sensitive to adverse effects.

Chlorambucil

Which drug can be used to treat IBS due to chronic enteropathy, can be combined with prednisolone, and can be reduced in dose when it is effective? Hematological monitoring must be done to assess for neutropenia.

Cyclosporin

Which drug can be used to treat IBS due to perianal fistulas, ulcerative colitis, diarrhea due to IBS, and suppresses T-cell mediated activity and cytokine production?

Tacrolimus

Which drug can be used to treat IBS due to perianal fistulas, and inhibits calcineurin, suppressing t-cells and production of cytokines?

Laxatives

Which drugs loosen stool and increase bowel movements, and can include bulk (hydrophilic) ones, lubricant ones, and fecal softeners/surfactants?

Cathartics

Which drugs accelerate defecation and can be stimulant or hyperosmotic types?