Unit 1 Advanced A&P summer assignment

2025-2026 school year

Anatomy

The structure and shape of the body and its parts

Gross anatomy

Large body structures being studied

Microscopic anatomy

Study of the Bodies structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

Cytology

Examines the features of the cells

Histology

Examines features of tissues composed of cellular structures and surrounding materials

Levels of organization

Chemical level, tissues, organs, systems, organisms, cellular

Physiology

Study of how the body and its parts function

Pathology

Study of the development of diseases and any structural and functional changes resulting from disease

Integumentary system

External covering of the body

Skeletal system

Supports the Body and provides framework for movement

Muscular system

Movement and force.

Nervous system

Controls systems using electric

Endocrine system

Control of activities using chemical signals

Cardiovascular system

Carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes from the cells

Lymphatic system

Return leaked fluid from the blood back to the vessels

Respiratory system

Keeps the body supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

Digestive system

Break down food and deliver nutrients to the blood for the body

Urinary system

Removes the nitrogen containing wastes from the body

Reproductive system

Production of offspring

Characteristics for maintaining life

Organized, metabolism, respond to stimuli, grow, develop, and reproduce

Homeostasis

Ability to maintain stable internal conditions and constant environment

Negative feedback loop

To respond to the stimuli in reverse

Positive feedback loop

Any change from normal is increase and respond to stimuli is equal or same

Supine

Lying Facing up

Prone

Laying face down

Superior (Cephalic)

Towards the head or above

Inferior (caudal)

Away from the head or below

Anterior (ventral)

Toward the front, in front

Posterior (dorsal)

Towards the back, in behind

Proximal

Close of the origin or point of attraction

Distal

Further from the origin or point of attachment

Medial

Toward the middle of the body or midline

Lateral

Away from the middle of the body or midline

Superficial

Close to the surface of the body

Deep

Toward the interior of the body

Sagittal plane

Runs vertically through the body, separating it right to left

Transverse

Runs parallel to the ground dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

Frontal

Runs vertically to divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.

What area is the Thoracic cavity

Rib cage and diaphragm

What area is the Abdominal cavity

Diaphragm and pelvic crest

What area is the pelvic cavity

Pelvic bones

What area is the cranial and spinal cavity

Brain and spinal cord

Open cavities

Oral, digestive, nasal, orbital, middle ear.

Abdominal cavity quadrants

Right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower

Nine abdominal regions

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right Iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac.

Organization

Refers to the specific interrelationships among the parts of an organism and how these parts interact and perform specific functions

Metabolism

Refers to all of the chemical reactions taking place in the cells and internal environment of an organism

Responsiveness

Ability to sense changes in its external or internal environment and adjust to those changes

Growth

Increase in size or number of cells which produces an overall enlargement of all or part of an organism

Development

Changes of an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death

Reproduction

Reformation of new cells or new organisms

Abdominal

Stomach

Acrominal

Shoulder

Axillary

Armpit

Brachial

Upper arm

Carpal

Wrist

Cephalic

Cranial or cranium

Cervical

Neck

Digitals

Toes and fingers

Femoral

Femur or thigh

Fibular

Calf or shin

lumbar

Loin

Patellar

Knee cap

Pedal

Foot

Pelvic

Pelvis

Scapular

Shoulder blade

Sternal

Breastbone or sternum

Umbillical

Belly button

Gluteal

Butt