Lap 6: World History

4 causes of the revolution

englightenment: rebellion, civil rights

social: 3 estate system w/ differing tax rates

economy: deficit spending, give $ to US, no food

political: absolutism

lettres de cachet

government used the letters de cachet saying that people were wanted as a fear tactic

moderate phase/estates general/national assembly

louis called estates general into session to deal with he economy issue

estates general is not very democratic because even though most people are from estate 3, they only have 1 vote (each estate has 1 vote)

estate 1 and 2 would outvote estate 3

major issue: to reform voting system

effect: national assembly replaced estates general

• by estate 3 because they dont have a chance in estates general

• 1 person=1 vote

• king locked them out of assembly hall so they go the the tennis court

  • they promise to maintain the national assembly and WRITE A CONSTITUTION

    • to limit the power to the king and give people rights (goal of the revolution

storming of the Bastille (beginning of revolution)

tennis Court Oath- promises to end ancien regime and make limited monarchy (w/ a constitution)

end of the feudal dues and ancien regime

declaration of the rights of man

• liberty, equality, and fraternity

• based on american declaration and english bill of rights

• enlightenment ideas

• declared all MEN equal

• no immidiate change

olympe de gouges

Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen and other writings on women's rights and abolitionism.

order of french revolution

1. esates general meets for first time in 175 yrs

2. national assembly created

3. tennis court oath

4. storming bastille

5. summer of great fear

6. declaration of te rights of man

7. women march on versailles

8. civil consititution of the clergy

9. constitution of 1791/creation of legislative assembly

10. royal family flees paris

11. france declares war on austria and prussia and Britain

12. nat. convetion created

13. Louis XVI executed

14. Reign of Terror

15. Rebespierre executed

16. Directory created

17. Napoleon seizes power

women march on versailles

they are angery because the food prices are too high and they cant feed their babies

they march to versailles and thousands join

the royal family is terrified so they join them back to paris

this is what they want so they can see the suffering

civil constitution of the clergy

by national assembly

it made bishops and priests civl servants that are elected positions by the state

seized church land (they had 10%)

national asse. did this because the church was seen as a part of the anicen regime

constitution of 1791

the legislative assembly was created to make the laws (not te king)

2nd change in the government

created a limited monarchy (the king needed to abde by the law)

for many, this was enough to end the revolution (tennis court oath finished)

royal family flees paris

discuised themselves and children as servants

scared of publics power and they flee for their lives

recognized at the boardr because the kings face is on the coin

they are now seen as traitors

they are brought back to paris and held as prisoners

START OF RADICAL PHASE

becoming more extreme

european citizens saw it as englightened but the rulers of the european nations condemned it

the emigres (nobels who left france to live in other courts and talked about revolution) spread the french plague (what the foreign nations thought what was happening in france)

the rulers didnt want citizens to catch the plague because then they would end their monarchies and lessen their power

King of Prussia and emperor of austria threaten war to protect monarchy of france

econmic crisis continues to push extremist values

france declares war on austria, prussia, and Britain

how?

austria and prussia send troops to the boarder just in case

france gets scared and declares war (not smart bc bad economy)

austria joins because they are mad because the french queen (marie) is ausrian

prussia joins becuase scared that their people will revolt

other join because scared of balance of power

on and off for 25 years

imprisonment of Louis XVI, Marie, and 2 kids (and what it leads to)

cause: financial strain of war, food shortages, high prices, foreign invasion

what is it: paris citizens attack tuileries (royal palace in frnace) and imprison louis, Marie, and 2 kids (son dies bc sickly)

effects: inspired by parisians, mobs attack prison and kill 1200 prisoners, nobels, prists, and ordinary crinimals; shocks other countries

nat. convention created

radicals in control of the government

3rd change in government

led by robespierre and jacobins (radicals)

• by robespierre? strong speaker, smart and educated

why? national assembly (made by moderates) was not strong enough

changes

1. sufferage (right 2 vote0 extned to all men

2. abolisged monarchy (no king/queen)

3. republic of france (vote for other people to serve u in gov)

4. everyone is now citizen (no mrs. mr. lord) (no class distinction)

Louis XVI executed

has a trial

vote narrowly to execute him by guillotine

marie also beheaded

son died in prison bc sickly

daughter survived

horror across europe

guillotine

inspired by enlightenment ideas

less barbaric than oldways of execution

more humane

17000 citizens executed

national razor

After execution of king, state of france

not a monarchy

warring w/ Austria, prussia, and britain

food shortages, high prices, riots

most in france dont wannt war

• dont like anti-catholic feeling (most moderates catholic)

• happy w/ limied monarchy

• led to anti-rev rioting

committee of public safety

by radicals

12 member commitee w/ absolute power

rebespierre and jocbins the head of it

made to deal w/ threats to france civilly (in frnace) and outside france

they raise a large army with a draft (dont have a chouice to be in the army or not) which is largest every made

made spies to find not revolutionary enough people

• they actualy start winning the wars which makes people feel patriotic (nationalism)

Reign of terror

4th change in government

used terror to get rid of anything from “old order”

• bring in people who speak out or not as revolutionary as the radicals and they try and kill them

  • does away with freedoms of speech and press

• led by robespierre the “incorruptible”

effect: extreme and paranoid and loss of support for war

gov claimed that after crises were over life would go back to normal

40,000 killed 17000 by guillotine

both genders

all classes (mostly peasant and sans culottes

Robespierre executed

ends reign of terror

national convention trn on him becuase he went there and gave a speech saying that many people there were traitors

they kidnap him that night and execute him

directory created

5th change in govenrment

produced by moderates in a new constitution

5 man directory and 2 house legislature

corrupt and ineffective

not well liked

weak and dictatiroal (relied on military power)

overthrown w/ military (coup d’etat) led by napoleon

Napoleon seizes power

crowns HIMSELF emperor

continues ideas of equality

builds largest french empire by conquering much of europe

very battlefield smart, ambitious, orator, leader BUT big ego, underestimated enemies and over ambitious

ACHIVEMENTS:

1. massive french empire

2. made new code of laws (napolionic code) which instilled religious tolerance

3. ensured equality for all under the law

FAILURES

1. war in spain and portugal (peninsular war)

2. made continental system which barred all british goods into and out of his empire, and any ship from neutral ships into the continent hurting many british and othe rnation’s economies

3. invadng russia and loosing 500,000 troops

CONTINUES IDEAS FROM REVOLUTION

1. against monarchy

2. encouraged religious freedom and rights

Congress of Vienna

led by britain, austria, prussia, and russia to restore stability to europe after napoleon fell

monarchs want power again

they redrew the map to benefit the monarchy and empire

ignore and strengthened forces of liberalism and nationalism

prince Metternich was the host (austrian) and had a conservative ideology

liberalism and nationalism

liberalism: wanting to be free from oppression

nationalism: wanting to be a unique nation with your custom

age of idealogies

conservatives: dont want change

like congress of vienna

wanted and allowed nobels and monarchs to retain power

liked pol. and social system before napoleon

liberals: support change

insired by elightenment and french revolution

against monarchy and divine right

nationalists: want national unity based on heritage

denied by congress of vienna

revolutions against the old order

belgium and netherlands

belguim was given to the Netherlands despite being a whole different culture

• belgium was a french speaking catholic nation

• natherlands were dutch speaking protestants

belgium now a liberal constitutions and explicitly states ppls rights

NATIONALIST revolution

italy

split into many city states in congress because of balance of power

austria had a little bit of italy and they didnt wanna give that up (host of congress)

nationalism makes then wanna unite

DENIED nationalism so LIBERALISM rises

germany

split into little city states

similar to italy

DENIED nationalism (failed) so LIBERALISM rises

serbia and greece

serbia was christianity serbs and greece was chirstianity e. ortho

got both independecen from ottoman empire

NATIONALIST revolutions (both now independent from ottoman)

france

back and forth from republic (liberals want voice in gov) and monarchy (conservatives want)

led by students

republic eventually foms

LIBERAL revolution

why did creoles lead the fight

they couldn’t get positions of power in the government

the economic policies (mother country taking all the profit)

Haiti

free from france

first and only successful slave revolution in history

• the determination of the people achieved it

• wanna rule themselves (nationalism)

led by Toussaint L’Ouverture

• dies before nationalism is achieved

government based on economy yet the economy deteriorates

Mexico

independence from Spain

led by Miguel Hidalgo and jose Morales (priest) a army of mesticos (peasants)

creole Augustine de Iturbide led a revolution making a monarchy so he is overthrown

Miguel hidalgo and Jose Morales were both shot

dont totally suceed due to docial and economic upheaval and inquality

Simon Bolivar

creole from venezela

bolivar= great liberator

nationalist and liberalist

did not wanna be namedking

wanted to see a united latin america but since too much division, there came to be multiple independent nations

liberatred N south american countries from spain as republics

Jose de San Martin

creole from argentina

“the liberator’ and '“protector of peru”

liberated Argentina, chile, and peru from spain

• set up as republics

teamed up with simon bolivar

Brazil

Dom pedro (a royal) liberated from Portugal

royal fam from port. stayed in brazil bc napoleon invaded port

when they wanted to leave and make it a colony dom said no (he grew up there and he didnt wanna leave)

dom declared it a independent constitutional monarchy but had slavery

map of latin america, and PREP 4 ESSAY (compare and contrast 2 revolutions we learned about)- thesis and 2 body paragraphs