Industrial Revolution

Darby overview

Domestic System

System of manufacturing based up work done at home with materials that were supplied locally

Enclosure Movement

The movement of taking over small strips of farm lands and fencing them off

• Animals that could yield cloth were raised (sheep, goats)

• Increased production of crops

• Small farmers were evicted from land

Jethro Tull- Seed Drill

The machine drilled holes for three rows of seed at a time to the correct depth, planted the seeds and covered them in dirt in one action

Agricultural Revolution

The transformation of agriculture from traditional medieval farming to more productive, efficient, and mechanical methods of farming through scientific innovation and new techniques starting in the mid 1700s

• Led to drastic increase in population

• Increased Urbanization (FARMS TO CITIES)

Industrial Revolution

A period of major technological, economic, and social change. Starting in late 18th-century England.

• Transitioned societies from agrarian and handicraft-based economies to those dominated by industry and machine manufacturing

Flying Shuttle

John Kay invented a shuttle that sped up the weaving process on hand looms

Spinning Jenny

James Hargreaves created the Spinning Jenny which allowed one worker to spin multiple spools of yarn at the same time

Water Frame

Richard Arkwright created a machine that used waterpower to spin stronger, finer threads automatically

Power Loom

Edmund Cartwright designed a loom powered by water or steam to automate weaving

Steam Engine

James Watt created this and it improved earlier designs to make steam power more efficient and practical

Steam Locomotive

George Stephenson built the first successful steam-powered railway locomotive

Cotton Gin

Eli Whitney invented a machine to remove seeds from cotton quickly

Bessemer Process

Henry Bessemer developed a process for making steel cheaply and in large quantities.

Turnpike

Roads that required users to pay tolls

Robert Fulton- The Clermont

The first commercially successful steamboat

Urbanization 

The movement of people to the cities

Factory System

• Requiring workers to come to a factory to produce goods

• Division of labor (separating the steps of making something into separate jobs)

• Keeping the cost of making something as low as possible

• Mass production (making a lot of the same good/product)

Sadler Report

Report complied by Michael Sadler of the UK Parliamentary Committee on child labor in British Factories

Laissez-Faire

Transactions between private individuals are free from any form of economic interventionism.

Smelting

Heating a substance beyond its melting point to extract impurities like air pockets and debris

FOUR FACTORES OF PRODUCTION

• Natural Resources

• Labor

• Capital

• Entrepreneurship

Natural Harbors and rivers were important for…

Transportation and trade

Capital

Money or wealth that is used to invest in a business of enterprise

Enterprise

Business organization in such areas like shipping, mining railroads or factories

Entrepreneur

Person who assumes financial risk in hopes of making a profit (like a business owner)

Textile

Type of cloth or woven fabric

Putting Out System

System that developed in the 18th century in which tasks were distributed to individuals who completed work from home

• extremely slow

• invention revolutionized and sped up the weaving and cloth process

Standard of Living

The level of material good and services available to people in a society

Consumerism

A economic theory that a strong economy depends on high level consumer spending

• increased consumer spending, and demand which created more available jobs

• NOT A BAD THING- produces natural competition, and gives people a choice

British Reform Laws

Throughout the 1800s, parliament passed many important laws that improves working conditions for women, children and the working class

• Towards more representative government

• Towards universal suffrage

• Towards more rights for workers

• Towards improved education