History 101 Exam 1

Ancient Athenian democracy

a system of direct self-government that flourished in Greece from roughly 507 BCE to 322 BCE. 50 reps, chosen randomly from 10 territories, these 500 made the agenda for the assembly

hunting and gathering vs. farming

Hunter gatherers knew how to farm but didn’t. Hunter gatherers lived better than early farmers. They had better diets, healthier bones, and lived longer. Many think people started farming because the ice age ending have animals more room spread out and escape being hunted

transition from hunting and gathering to farming.

They theorize that the ice age ending have animals more room to spread out and avoid hunters, so they had to shift to rely on farming.

Ziggurat

a massive, tiered pyramidal structure built in ancient Mesopotamia and western Iran as a religious temple tower

Cuneiform

the earliest known writing system in human history,

Epic of Gilgamesh

the world's oldest surviving epic poem

Theft

The Code of Hammurabi punished crime like theft severally

Social Insurance

It gave social insurance and debt forgiveness to people in the case of a famine

Slavery

There were slaves, but they were only in slavery to pay off debts.

Women

had some good rights, like the right testify for themselves and leave a husband.

Mesopotamia

the land between the Tigris and Euphrates

Egypt

They were by the nile, they had pharaohs. They lasted about 3000 years. Their standard of living was called ma’at. They carried the book of the dead into the after life, and they believed they were owed a good afterlife

Nile

Egypt’s main river

Maat

Egypt’s standard of living

Rosetta Stone

an ancient stone slab that helped experts learn to read Egyptian hieroglyphs

The Book of the Dead

a collection of spells and prayers that the Egyptiand believed were crucial to the well-being in the afterlife.

Book of the Dead: Clergy

people who were paid to be like over religious practices, like priests

Book of the Dead: Osiris

a main god in Egypt. He was god of the afterlife that people would be with then they died.

Book of the Dead: Afterlife

they would just continue to do what they did better. So farmers would farm more. Pharaohs would rule bigger kingdoms, etc

Osiris

ancient egyptian god of the underworld

Hall of the Two Justices

a prominent location in ancient Egyptian mortuary literature where the soul is judged

Hatshepsut

the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, ruling first as regent, then as queen regnant from c. 1479 BC until c. 1458 BC

Akhenanton

converted Egypt to monotheism for his reign. They worship a god called aton

Phoenincians

Early Greek alphabet

Zoroastrianism

an ancient, monotheistic religion founded in ancient Persia (modern-day Iran) by the prophet Zoroaster

Iliad and Odyssey

poems by homer that talked about the Trojan war and Odysseus going home. They showed Greek Values

Sparta

a greek city state focused on the military. They followed the laws of lycurgas. They had slaves called helots who outnumbered them 7 to 1

Ephors

a board of five powerful magistrates elected annually in ancient Sparta who shared executive power with the two Spartan kings

Pisistratus

a politician in ancient Athens, ruling as tyrant in the late 560s, the early 550s and from 546 BC until his death

Ostracism

to cast somebody out, a democratic procedure in Athens where citizens could banish a person from the city-state for ten years

Persian Wars

a series of conflicts fought between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and allied Greek city-states

Herodotus

the author of the Persian wars

Thucydides

Wrote the history of the peloponnesian war

Peloponnesian War

 a war between Athens and its allies vs Sparta and its allies. Sparta ended up winning, but the war left all of Greece a lot weaker

Lysistrata

a comedy play by Aristophanes. The play made fun of the peloponnesian war by the women threatening to not make kids with the men when they got back

Oracle at delphi

a representative of Apollo who told the future

Oedipus Tyrannus

a story about a man killing his dad and marrying his mom 

Jocasta

the mom and queen in oedipus tyrannis

Laisus

the former king and dad that oedipus killed

Sophists

philosophers that thought there were no truth and you should chase success

Socrates

a philosopher who thought there were virtues and truths to work towards in life, like finding deeper wisdom

Plato

socrates student who wrote down his teachings, google about his allegory of the cave

Aristole

Plato’s student. He wrote theories about the elements of the universe.

The Apology

written by plato about socrates trial when he got sentenced to death

Greek Sexuality

Men would marry women and it was normal to have male lovers

The Greek Theater

was used to address political problems. There were comedies, tragedies, and dramas that talked about different issues