Urinalysis

What is the morning sample of urine used for?

Answer: Pregnancy and microscopic tests. Explanation: The first urine of the day is concentrated, making it ideal for detecting pregnancy hormones and examining sediment microscopically.

Describe the clean catch midstream urine collection method.

Answer: Discard the first few mL, collect the rest. Explanation: This technique minimizes contamination by discarding the initial urine stream, used primarily for bacterial cultures.

What is the purpose of a 24-hour urine collection?

Answer: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of substances. Explanation: Collecting all urine over 24 hours allows measurement of substances like proteins or hormones over a full day.

Identify the postprandial urine specimen.

Answer: Urine collected 2 hours after a meal. Explanation: This sample is used to monitor glucose levels in diabetic patients post-meal.

What is supra-pubic aspirated urine?

Answer: Urine collected via needle aspiration. Explanation: This sterile collection method uses a needle to aspirate urine directly from the bladder, often for infants or specific tests.

List the urinary catheters mentioned for urine collection.

Answer: Red Rubber/Polypropylene, Foley, Tom Cat. Explanation: These catheters are used for urine collection in patients unable to void naturally, with Foley being indwelling and Tom Cat more rigid.

What is the first step in the three-step urine analysis?

Answer: Physical characteristics are noted and recorded. Explanation: The physical step involves assessing color, transparency, and volume before chemical or microscopic analysis.

What does the chemical step in urine analysis involve?

Answer: Series of tests for substances like glucose, protein. Explanation: Chemical tests use reagent strips or analyzers to detect metabolic markers.

What is examined in the microscopic step of urine analysis?

Answer: Urine sediment (cells, casts, crystals). Explanation: Sediment is analyzed under a microscope to identify abnormalities like red blood cells or bacteria.

Identify the optimal color in urine analysis.

Answer: Pale yellow, well-hydrated. Explanation: This color indicates proper hydration and normal urine composition.

What does a dehydrated urine color suggest?

Answer: Dark yellow/amber, drink water immediately. Explanation: Dark urine indicates dehydration, requiring immediate fluid intake.

What does a seek medical aid urine color indicate?

Answer: Red/brown, possible blood or kidney disease. Explanation: Red or brown urine may suggest hematuria or serious conditions, warranting medical attention.

Define clear transparency in urine.

Answer: No visible particulates, transparent. Explanation: Clear urine has no particles, indicating no significant sediment.

What is hazy transparency in urine?

Answer: Few particulates, print visible through urine. Explanation: Hazy urine has minimal particles, allowing print to be seen clearly.

Describe cloudy transparency in urine.

Answer: Many particulates, blurred print through urine. Explanation: Cloudy urine has more particles, obscuring print visibility.

What does turbid transparency indicate?

Answer: Print cannot be seen through urine. Explanation: Turbid urine is heavily laden with particulates, blocking print visibility.

Define milky transparency in urine.

Answer: May precipitate or clot. Explanation: Milky urine may contain precipitated material or clots, often indicating infection or lipid presence.

What is the focus of urine microscopy?

Answer: Identifying sediment components (cells, casts, crystals). Explanation: Microscopy examines urine sediment to detect abnormalities like white blood cells or calcium oxalate crystals.

Describe the collection method for Midstream Clean Catch and its purpose

• Patient discards initial urine stream, collects midstream to minimize contamination.

• Used for bacterial culture.

Describe polypropylene Catheter

Flexible, single-use.

Describe Foley Catheter

Indwelling, with balloon for retention.

Describe Tom Cat Catheter

Rigid, used in specific cases (e.g., veterinary or specialized human procedures).

Enumerate Chemical Tests

Series of tests for glucose, protein, ketones, bilirubin, etc.