Bioenergetics and Metabolism Flashcards

Flashcards about Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the dynamic state of a cell or organism.

Pathway

A series of biochemical reactions.

Catabolism

The process of breaking down large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules, producing energy.

Anabolism

The process of synthesizing larger molecules from smaller ones.

Nucleus

Where replication of DNA takes place.

Lysosomes

Remove damaged cellular components and unwanted foreign materials.

Golgi bodies

Package & process proteins for secretion & delivery to other cellular components.

Mitochondria

Organelles in which the common catabolic pathway takes place and convert energy stored in food molecules into energy stored in ATP molecules.

Oxidation of glucose to CO2

Oxidizing food to produce ATP.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Molecule that is the most important compound involved in the transfer of phosphate groups.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

Biological oxidizing agent derived from niacin.

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Biological oxidizing agent and electron carrier derived from riboflavin.

Coenzyme A (CoA)

Carrier of acetyl groups and contains pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5).

Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells harvest energy.

Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle/TCA Cycle

A series of chemical reactions that harvest high-energy electrons from acetyl CoA; releases two carbon atoms as carbon dioxide.

Oxaloacetate

Regenerated from succinate in the citric acid cycle.

Citric Acid

A 6-carbon molecule is formed in the first step of the citric acid cycle.

NADH and FADH2

The electron transport chain uses and to produce ATP.

Electron transport chain

A series of electron carriers in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Oxidative phosphorylation

ATP is produced via through the reactions of the electron transport chain.

Chemiosmotic Theory

A theory to explain how electron & H* transport produce chemical energy of ATP