Digestive System

ingestion > digestion > absorption > egestion

stages of food processing

ingestion

stage of food processing: taking in food

digestion

stage of food processing: breaking down food into nutrients

absorption

stage of food processing: taking in nutrients by cells

egestion

stage of food processing: removing any leftover wastes

amylase

enzyme in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates

mouth

where does digestion begin?

bolus

the tongue will move the food around until it forms a ball called?

esophageal sphincter

a tight muscle that keeps stomach acid out of the esophagus

rugae

a big muscular pouch which churns the bolus and mixes it with gastric juice, folds in the stomach

kills off any invading bacteria or viruses

function of stomach acid in the stomach

protects the lining of the stomach from being eaten

function of mucus in the stomach

help break down proteins and lipids

function of enzymes in the stomach

some medicines, alcohol, water

some things that the stomach absorbs

chyme

digested bolus, acidic fluid

pyloric sphincter

the chyme leaves the stomach by passing through the?

duodenum > jejunum > ileum

small intestine order

bile

breaks down fats into fatty acids

pancreatic juice

the pancreas secretes ____ to reduce the acidity of the chyme

jejunum

where majority of the absorption takes place

villi/villus

tiny fingerlike projections which increase the surface area for absorbing nutrients

microvilli

tiny fingerlike projections in each villi

compacts the leftovers to pass through the caecum into the large intestine

what does the ileum do?

large intestine

used to absorb water from the waste material leftover

ascending colon > transverse colon > descending colon

order of the large intestine

rectum

short muscular tube at the end of the descending colon

mouth > pharynx > epiglottis > esophagus > lower esophageal sphincter > stomach > pyloric sphincter > duodenum > jejunum > ileum > ascending colon > transverse colon > descending colon > rectum > anus

order of the digestive system

peristalsis

involuntary muscle contractions that move the food along the gut

trachea

windpipe in the pharynx