The New Deal, Part II (Second New Deal)

Second New Deal

Refers to the time period roughly from 1935 to 1939 when President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented various economic programs.

CIO

The Congress of Industrial Organizations, a labor federation founded in 1935 that organized industrial workers.

UAW

The United Auto Workers, a major union that was part of the CIO.

sit-down strike

A form of protest where workers occupy their workplace, exemplified by the 1937 UAW strike at GM in Flint, Michigan.

National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

A 1935 law that facilitated workers' rights to join unions and engage in collective bargaining.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

A New Deal agency aimed at providing jobs by building infrastructure such as roads and bridges.

Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

A New Deal agency that aimed to bring electricity to rural areas.

Social Security Act of 1935

Legislation that provided benefits for retirees, disabled individuals, and families with dependent children.

New Deal Coalition

A coalition comprising urban workers, farmers, Catholics, Jewish Americans, white Southerners, and Black Northerners.

court-packing plan

FDR's 1937 proposal to expand the Supreme Court by adding more justices.

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

Legislation that aimed to restore some rights to Native American tribes as part of the 'Indian New Deal'.

redlining

Discriminatory practices that made mortgages harder to obtain for African Americans, often enforced by federal policies.

Marian Anderson

A famous African American singer whose 1939 concert symbolized federal support for civil rights.

Scottsboro Boys

A group of Black teenagers wrongfully accused of rape in 1931, embodying racial injustice.

Frances Perkins

The first woman to serve in a Cabinet position, she was Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945.

economic tyranny

FDR's description of the concentration of economic power in the hands of a few during the Great Depression.

Alf Landon

The Republican candidate who ran against FDR in the 1936 presidential election.