85. Physiological bases of school education.

physiological basis of school education

definition

physiological basis of school education

• is about aligning the educational process with children's physical and mental capabilities

• to promote healthy development, avoid overstrain, and improve learning effectiveness.
  

what are the main concepts?

1. Mental and Physical Load Must Match Age and Ability

2. Formation of Working Dynamic Stereotypes

3. Improving Working Capacity and Teaching Efficiency

4. Lesson Organisation

5. Daily and Weekly Scheduling

6. Phases of a Lesson (Working Capacity Phases)

1. Mental and Physical Load Must Match Age and Ability

• Children’s nervous systems and attention spans vary with age.

• Excessive mental/physical strain can lead to fatigue, stress, or poor performance.

• Tasks should be adapted to their developmental stage.

2. Formation of Working Dynamic Stereotypes

• Repeated, structured activities (like class routines) help form dynamic stereotypes—stable neural patterns that improve focus and productivity.

• This fosters habit formation, discipline, and effective learning.

3. Improving Working Capacity and Teaching Efficiency

• Working capacity = the ability to perform mental/physical tasks efficiently.

• Teaching should occur when working capacity is highest, ensuring better retention and understanding.

4. Lesson Organization

• Structure and timing of lessons are crucial.

• A lesson is the basic unit of education:

  • Standard lesson: 45 minutes

  • For first-grade children: shortened to 30–35 minutes to match attention span.

5. Daily and Weekly Scheduling

• Children’s working capacity fluctuates during the day and week.

• Schedule should follow these natural rhythms:

  • Morning hours often have better focus.

  • Mid-week (Tuesday–Thursday) are the most productive.

  • Friday and afternoons are less effective.

6. Phases of a Lesson (Working Capacity Phases):

Each lesson naturally follows 3 phases:

• 🟡 Introductory Phase: Child is getting engaged; efficiency is still low.

• 🟢 High Working Capacity Phase: Peak concentration, best time to teach new/complex material.

• 🔴 Low Working Capacity Phase: Fatigue begins, productivity drops. Good time for review or simpler tasks.