Disorders and Treatments Review

Flashcards for reviewing psychological disorders, treatments, and related terminology.

Psychological disorder

Syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior, with dysfunctional (maladaptive) behaviors disrupting day-to-day life.

DSM/DSM V

Reference book on mental health and brain-related conditions and disorders.

GAD

Generalized Anxiety Disorder - a condition where a person is unexplainably and continually tense/uneasy.

Panic disorder

A condition where a person exhibits sudden episodes of intense dread.

Phobias

A condition where a person feels irrationally afraid of objects or situations.

Agoraphobia

Fear of situations where escape is difficult.

OCD

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - unwanted or repetitive thoughts and/or actions.

PTSD

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - lingering memories, nightmares, and other symptoms for weeks after a severely threatening or uncontrollable event.

Bipolar disorder

Mood swings between depression and mania (hyperactive and impulsive).

Schizophrenia

A disorder that affects how people think, feel, and behave, characterized by symptoms like hallucinations and delusions.

Hallucinations

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something that isn't there.

Delusions

False, even preposterous beliefs not part of the person's culture.

Catatonia

Abnormal movements, behaviors, and withdrawal.

Somatic disorder

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.

Conversion disorder

A disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine symptoms for which no psychological basis can be found.

Illness anxiety disorder

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of disease.

Dissociative disorders

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

DID

Dissociative Identity Disorder - a rare disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.

Anorexia

A person maintains a starvation diet despite being 15% or more underweight.

Bulimia

A person alternates binge eating with purging / laxatives, excessive exercise, or fasting.

Anti-social personality disorder

A personality disorder in which a person (usually male) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members.

Eclectic Approach

Using various techniques from psychotherapy or a treatment method with a combination of both therapy and medication

Psychoanalytic therapy

Focus on uncovering unconscious internal conflict

Humanistic therapy

Emphasizes people's inherent potential for self-fulfillment and aims to boost people's self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Behavioral therapy

Application of learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Cognitive therapy

Teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking - based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Challenge irrational beliefs : albert ellis

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Change thinking, change behavior

Group therapy

A form of psychotherapy in which a group of patients meet to describe and discuss their problems together under the supervision of a therapist

Family therapy

A form of psychotherapy that helps family members better understand each other, support one another and work through difficult situations

Lithium Carbonate

Mood stabilizer

Anti-depressants

medication Also used to treat anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD that increases the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) i.e prozac, zoloft, paxil

Anti-anxiety

Medication the depresses the CNS so people can relax , i.e xanax, ativan

Anti-psychotics

Medication that Block/inhibit dopamine; Side effects: tardive dyskinesia - facial ties and other involuntary movements

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)

A procedure done under anesthesia where small electric currents pass through the brain, intentionally causing a brief seizure

rTMS (repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation)

A brain stimulation technique in which the patient is seated with a large wire coil positioned near the scalp that generates rapidly changing magnetic pulses that induce an electric field