SLP 491 – HW 1 (Intro to Brain) Vocabulary

A set of practice flashcards covering brain anatomy, types of strokes (CVA and TIA), signs of stroke (BEFAST), and language disorders such as aphasia.

Brain input

Comes from the environment, the five senses, and the body.

Brain output

Goes to the muscles.

3 parts of the brain

Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.

Cerebrum structure

Consists of two hemispheres and four lobes.

Names of lobes

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

Brainstem

The part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord.

Nerves

Carry signals throughout the body, to and from the brain.

Blood vessels

Carry oxygen from the heart to all cells in the body and bring back waste.

Arteries

Carry blood with oxygen from the heart to the brain and all organs.

Veins

Carry blood with carbon dioxide from the brain and other organs back to the heart.

CVA

Stands for Cerebrovascular accident; a stroke or disruption of bloodflow in the brain.

Ischemic stroke

A type of stroke where arteries are blocked, so brain cells don’t get their oxygen.

Hemorrhagic stroke

A type of stroke where arteries burst, so the brain is flooded and cells don’t get their oxygen.

Effects of $O_2$ deprivation in the brain

The brain cannot send or receive signals and cannot communicate with the body.

BEFAST

An acronym for signs of stroke: Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, Time.

TIA

Stands for Transient Ischemic Attack; a temporary blockage of arteries.

Result of a TIA

No permanent damage to the brain; symptoms resolve in a few minutes.

Language center hemisphere

The left hemisphere.

Contralateral control

Each hemisphere of the brain connects to the opposite side of the body.

Broca’s area location

The left frontal lobe.

Wernicke’s area location

The left temporal lobe.

Aphasia

A language disorder characterized by trouble processing words.

Expressive aphasia

Difficulty with language production, including word retrieval, sentence formulation, and applying rules of grammar.

Receptive aphasia

Difficulty with language comprehension, specifically understanding and connecting input to meaning.

Aphasia and Intelligence

Aphasia does not impact intelligence.

Global aphasia

A combination of severe expressive and receptive aphasia.

Anterior brain function

Gross function is language output/production.

Posterior brain function

Gross function is language input/comprehension.

Neurological speech disorders

Apraxia and dysarthria.

Left hemisphere CVA results

May result in right-sided weakness or paralysis, and aphasia.

Right hemisphere CVA results

May result in left-sided weakness or paralysis, and attention/behavior deficits.