Chemistry: Unit 11 Review

pOH

measure of hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration

pH

measure of hydrogen ion (H+) concentration

pOH and pH are similar in the sense that they both…

• are measured from 0-14

• have an inverse relationship (pOH=12, then pH=2)

Arrhenius acids and bases

compounds that form (H+) and (OH-) when dissolved in water

*Acids release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases

acids are substances that can donate protons (H⁺ ions) to another substance, known as a base. In this model, an acid is considered a proton donor

*not just for aqueous solutions

Bronsted-Lowry base pairs with…

Conjugate acid

Bronsted-Lowry acid pairs with…

Conjugate base

pH of 0-6

Acid

pH of 8-14

Base

pH=7

neutral

pH 0-3

concentrated acid

The lower the pH…

• concentrated acid

• dilute base

The higher the pH…

• dilute acid

• concentrated base

strong means…

100% ionized in aqueous solutions

weak means…

ANYTHING less than 100% ionization.

this incudes 99%

Amphoteric

a substance that can act as either an acid or a base

acid/base indicators

litmus paper, cabbage test, phenolphthalein,

neutralization

results in an acid and a base

KOH

Arrhenius base

How to find pH from an equation