Unit 0 Test Review (Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Experimental Design, Lab Equipment)

Chemistry

Chemistry

The study of matter and the changes it goes through

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Mass

The amount of matter in an object

Weight

The effect of gravitational pull on a mass

Scientific Method

A systematic approach used in scientific study

Observation

Using your 5 senses to develop a testable question

Hypothesis

Educated guess about the outcome of an experiment

Experiment

A set of controlled, repeatable trials that test the hypothesis by gathering data

Conclusion

Judgement based on one set of data about the question/hypothesis

Theory

Explanation supported by many experiments

Law

Relationship that has never been disproved/refuted yet

Quantatative

Data that is numeric

Qualitative

Data that is descriptive

Title

The effect of (independent variable) on (dependent variable)

Hypothesis

If…then…because….

Independent Variable (IV)

The variable YOU change or manipulate

Levels of IV

A list of the different IV's you're going to test

Number of Trials

How many times you're going to complete your experiment (at least 3)

Dependent Variable (DV)

The variable that responds to the changes that you made

Control

One of the IV levels that is the standard for comparison (not all experiments have this)

Constants

Things that CANNOT be changed in the experiment

Nature of Science (NOS)

The 6 foundational concepts that govern the way scientists formulate explanations about the natural world

First foundational concept of science

The natural world is understandable

Second foundational concept of science

Science is based on evidence

Third foundational concept of science

Science is a blend of logic and innovation

Fourth foundational concept of science

Scientific ideas are durable yet subject to change as new data are collected

Fifth foundational concept of science

Science is a complex social endeavor

Sixth foundational concept of science

Scientists try to remain objective and engage in peer review to help avoid bias

Goggles must be worn when there is:

Chemicals, glassware, and/or heat

Fume hood

Make sure sash is pulled down, vent is on, and all experiments take place at least 6 inches inside the hood

Fire extinguisher

Use for equipment on fire

P.A.S.S.

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

Fire Blanket

Use for people on fire

Safety Shower

Use for large chemical spills on the body

Eyewash

Use for chemical spills in eyes

Gas shut off

Turn lever horizontally to quickly shut off gas

Emergency call button

Calls the front office

Environment

Aquatic Toxicity

Health Hazard

Respiratory sensitizer

Flame

Flammable/Self-Reactive

Exclamation mark

Irritant (skin and eye)

Gas Cylinder

Gases under pressure

Corrosion

Skin Corrosion/Burns

Exploding Bomb

Explosive

Flame Over Circle

Oxidizer

Skull and Crossbones

Acute Toxicity

Triple Beam Balance

Weighs materials, equipment, and chemicals

Beaker

A glass container used for storing, mixing, pouring, and heating liquids that do not release gas or splatter

Buret/Burette

Long glass tube that dispenses liquids in very accurate quantities

Erlenmeyer Flask

A glass container used for liquids that may release gas or splatter but do not need to be heated evenly

Test Tube Holder

Tongs that are used specifically for holding tubes

Tripod

A three legged platform used to hold something above a bunsen burner

Pipette

A thin, plastic tube that is used to transfer a few drops of a liquid

Tongs

Metal forceps that can be used to pick things up

Ring Stand

A metal stand that can hold other pieces of equipment at varying heights

Florence flask

A glass container used for liquids that may release gas or splatter and need to be hearted evenly

Electronic Balance

A device used to measure mass

Graduated Cylinder

A glass container used to measure volumes of liquid

Ruler

A device used to measure length

Thermometer

A device used to measure temperature

Test Tube

A thin, finger length glass container used for small samples of liquid

Funnel

A v-shaped tube used to transfer liquid from one container to another

Bunsen Burner

A device that is attached to a gas supply and used for heating things up

Pipe Clay Triangle

Holds a crucible while being heated over a Bunsen burner

Mortar and Pestle

Grinds solids into tiny pieces

Wire Gauze

Holds glassware in place over an open flame

Flint Striker

Creates a spark to light a Bunsen Burner

Watch Glass

Provides a surface for evaporating liquids; can also be used to cover a beaker

Stir Rod

Stirs combinations of materials

Crucible

Cup shaped container that allows solids to be heated to very high temperatures

Dropper Bottle

Dispenses drop-sized amount of liquids

Spatula/Scoopula

Long rod with a flattened or curved end, used to scoop small amounts of substances

Test Tube Rack

A metal, plastic, or wooden stand that can hold test tubes

Goggles

Provides eye protection

Hot Plate

Small appliance used to heat materials in glassware