incarceration and prison society

goals of incarceration

custodial model, rehabilitative model, reintegration model

custodial model

emphasizes security, discipline and order. the prison model

incapacitation

depriving an offender of the ability to commit crimes against society, usually by detaining the offender in prison/jail

deterrence

discouraging some future behavior through instilling fear of consequences

retribution

punishment inflicted on a person who has infringed on the rights of others and so deserves to be penalized

rehabilitative model

emphasis on programming and treatment, height in the 50s-70s

rehabilitation

goal is that offenders will receive treatment, training, education, etc. that will allow them to become successful in the community without turning to criminal activity

reintegration model

emphasizes maintain of the offenders ties to family and community as a method of reform, privileges and freedoms gradually given, movement away from strict confinement

custody

keeping inmates secure

working

using inmates to operate the institution

treatment

serving inmates and their needs

order

absence of misconduct that threatens the safety of others

amenities

enhances comfort for the inmates

service

includes programs to improve the lives of inmates

power defects in prisons

powers of CO’s is limited: they’re unarmed and outnumbered. inmates also have very little to lose

rewarding and punishing

CO’s way of rewarding compliance and punishing rule violations through granting and denying privileges

gaining cooperation- exchange relations

CO’s may tolerate minor violations in exchange of general compliance, research shows that respect goes a long way (officers firm and fair), officers have to be careful of manipulation and balckmail

inmate leadership

inmates can help maintain order as well, they can be communications and report based

self defense

when staff is threatened with an attack

defense of a third person

protecting another officer or inmate

upholding prison rules

may use limited force to maintain compliance

prevention of a crime

can look like handcuffs or removing inmate from a location/situation

prevention of escapes

“warning shots” may not be legally required, justification of public safety

convict code

values and norms of the prison social system that define the inmates’ idea of the model prisoner

doing time

try to serve their time with the least amount of suffering

gleaning

try to take advantage of prison programs to better themselves

jailing

cut themselves off from the outside and try to construct a prison life

disorganized criminal

find that functioning in a prison society is difficult

prison rape elimination act

goal of PREA is to address and reduce sexual victimization in prisons

gender responsive programming

prison programming that addresses women’s needs and pathways of offending

classification

process of assigning an inmate to a category specifying their needs for security, treatment, education, work assignment, and readiness for release

educational programs

ged classes and degree completion in prisons

vocational programming

programming to teach marketable job skills

rehabilitative programming

psychological, behavior, and social services in the prison setting

security threat groups (STG’s)

prison gangs

protective custody

inmates request to be put in if they feel as if they are at risk for victimization