Epidemiology and Disease control and Gram + diseases

CDC

1.) research in disease etiology/prevention

2.) recommendation → immunization schedules

3.) work with public health organizations of other countries

WHO

coordinates efforts to improve public health in world

Agency for toxic substance and disease registry

reviews reports of public health assessment before info disclosed to public

National priorities list

special US environmental protection agency list for hazardous waste sites

Department of health

infected meat, food products recalled

Department of environmental protection

protects air, water and land

Public health department

serves health needs, especially underprivileged

Public health assessment

protects and promotes health of people living around hazardous waste sites

Steps

1.) department of health → reports a specific toxin at a specific site

2.) environmental protection agency → puts toxin and site location on national priorities list

3.) department of health → evaluation

4.) department of health → makes recommendations

5.) environmental protection agency and department of environmental protection → clean up problem and collect samples

6.) agency for toxic substance and disease registry and environmental protection agency → review all reports before published and distributed to communities

bacilli

rod shaped

spirochetes

spiral

cocci

spherical

spirilla

spring

Symbiosis

2 live together

mutualism

both benefit

parasite

one benefits, other eaten

Commensalism

one benefits other doesn’t care

Staph (+)

custard filled pastry, egg, tuna fish, salad

2-4 hours

Botulism (+)

improperly canned veggies, smoked fish

18-26 hours

Listeria (+)

unpasteurized milk products, hot dogs, lunch meats, can take up to 2 weeks

E. Coli (-)

0157:H7, undercooked meat, veggies, fruit exposed to fecal material, can take up to 2 days

Salmonella (-)

poultry, meat, eggs 12-48 hours

Shigella (-)

foods and water

1-2 days

Cholera (-)

seafood and water

1-5 days

Francisella tularensis (-)

undercooked meat, few hours to 3 weeks

mycobacterium bovis

raw milk, can get TB

months to years

Arbovirus

virus spread by arthropods

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

1.) spread by mosquitos

2.) sudden fever, severe headache, seizures, coma, 50% die

Western Equine Encephalitis

1.) spread by mosquitos

2.) fever, HA, stiff neck, vomiting, 3% die (mostly affects elderly and infants)

West Nile

1.) spread by mosquitos

2.) fever, HA, can cause encephalitis

St. Louis Encephalitis

1.) spread by mosquitos

2.) fever, HA, encephalitis, mostly elderly affected

California encephalitis

1.) spread by mosquitos

2.) fever, HA, abdominal pain, encephalitis

Rift valley fever

1.) spread by mosquitos

2.) causes bleeding and encephalitis

Dengue fever

1.) spread by mosquitos

2.) fever, rash HA known as dengue triangle

Yellow fever

1.) spread by mosquitos

2.) fever, HA, nose bleeds

Colorado tick fever

1.) spread by ticks

2.) fever, HA, chills, eye pain

Lyme disease

1.) spread by ticks

2.) bulls eye rash

Rocky mountain spotted fever

1.) spread by ticks

2.) rash on hands and feet

Category A biodefense list

Anthrax, botulism, smallpox, plague, tularemia, viral hemorrhagic fever, hanta virus, dengue, ebola

Re-emerging diseases

TB, smallpox, malaria and mumps

Emerging disease

1.) norovirus

2.) avian influenza (H5N1)

3.) scrub typhus (Tsutsugamushi fever)

4.) Nipah fever

5.) lyssa virus

6.) Chandipur virus

Norovirus

salad, sandwiches, ice, cold cuts, oysters and clams

1-2 days

Bird flu

flu like symptoms

Scrub Typus

maculopapular rash

Nipah Fever

carried by bats and pigs, encephalitis and respiratory issues

Lyssa virus

rabies like, leads to death

Chandipura virus

Encephalitis from mosquito bite, high fever and death

Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

1.) clustered → scalded skin syndrome

2.) causes boils, skin infections and osteomyelitis

3.) toxic shock, impetigo (fomite)

Bacillus Anthracis

anthrax, wool sorter’s disease, aerobic

Clostridium botulinum

Botulism, flaccid paralysis 12-36 hours

Clostridium tetani

rusty nails, 8 days

tetanus (lock jaw), spastic paralysis

Clostridium perfringens

wound, brown bubbles under skin

24-72 hours, gas gangrene

Mycobacterium

1.) rod shaped

2.) TB, TINE, Mantoux

3.) leprosy → fall off (finger fell off)

Rheumatic fever

SPECS → syndenham’s chorea, polyarthritis, erythema marginatum, carditis, subcutaneous nodules

Mitis-salivarius agar → strep throat → scarlet fever Dick test (strawberry tongue)

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)

Rheumatic fever

Streptococcus viridians

Streptococcus mutans

Listeria monocytopenia

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Streptococcus viridians

subacute bacterial carditis

streptococcus mutans

dental caries

listeria monocytogene

milk and cheese borne disease

Corynebacterium Diphtheria (Exotoxin)

1.) Shick test

2.) metachromatic granules

3.) gray pseudo membrane at back of throat

MRSA

lungs looks like swiss cheese

Strep agalactiae (group B)

neonatal meningitis

occurs at birth