nomenclature exam

idk dog memorize shit; 6/12

what are the possible classifications for positive ions (cations)

monatomic, polyatomic

what are the possible classifications for monatomic ions

only one possible ion; more than one possible ion

what is the rule for (single) monatomic cations

name of the ion + “ion”

what is the rule for (multiple possible) monatomic cations

positive charges indicated by a roman numeral

what is the rule for polyatomic ions

there isn’t one

are polyatomic ions positive (cations) or negative (anions)

positive (cations)

examples of (single) monatomic cations

• Na⁺

• Mg²⁺

• H⁺

Na⁺ name

sodium ion

Mg²⁺

magnesium ion

H⁺

hydrogen ion

examples of (multiple possible) monatomic cations

• Fe²⁺

• Fe³⁺

• Cu⁺

• Cu²⁺

examples of polyatomic ions

• NH₄⁺

• H₃O⁺

• Hg₂²⁺ → mercury (I) ion**

what is particular about Hg₂²⁺

Hg₂²⁺ would typically be Hg⁺ — Hg⁺, but Hg⁺ doesn’t exist, so the mercury (I) ion is Hg₂²⁺

• Hg²⁺ is the mercury (II) ion, but that is monatomic, not polyatomic

what are the possible classifications for anions

monatomic, oxyanions, oxyanions w/ hydrogen, others/exceptions

what is the rule for monatomic anions

stem of the element name + “ide”

what is the rule for oxyanions

• least oxygen: hypo__ite ion

• less oxygen: __ite ion

• more oxygen: __ate ion

• most oxygen: per__ate ion

what is the rule for exceptions to anions

there isn’t one, gotta memorize

what is the rule for oxyanions containing hydrogen

• H - “hydrogen” + name of oxyanion or “bi” + oxyanion

• H₂ - “dihydrogen” + name of oxyanion

examples of monatomic anions

• H^-

• F^-

• O^2-

• N^3-

• C^4-

examples of oxyanions

• ClO^-'

• ClO₂^-

• ClO₃^-

• ClO₄^-

• SO₃^2-

• SO₄^2-

examples of exceptions to anions

• OH^-

• CN^-

• SCN^-

• OCN^-

• O₂^2-

• O₂^-

• MnO₄^2-

• MnO₄^-

• C₂H₃O₂^-

• Cr₂O₇^2-

• C₂O₄^2-

examples of oxyanions containing hydrogen

• HCO₃^-

• HSO₄^-

• HPO₄^2-

• H₂PO₄^-

why is H₂CO₃ not named according to the rules of oxyanions with hydrogen

it is a compound, not an ion

H^- name

hydride ion

F^- name

fluoride ion

O^2- name

oxide ion

N^3- name

nitride

C^4- name

carbide ion

ClO^- name

hypochlorite ion

ClO₂^- name

chlorite ion

ClO₃^- name

chlorate ion

ClO₄^- name

perchlorate

SO₃^2- name

sulfite ion

SO₄^2- name

sulfate ion

OH^- name

hydroxide ion

CN^- name

cyanide ion

SCN^- name

thiocyanate ion

OCN^- name

cyanate ion

O₂^2- name

peroxide ion

O₂^- name

superoxide ion

MnO₄^2- name

manganate ion

MnO₄^- name

permanganate ion

C₂H₃O₂^2- name

dichromate ion

C₂O₄^2- name

oxalate ion

HCO₃^- name

hydrogen carbonate ion; bicarbonate ion

HSO₄^- name

hydrogen sulfate ion; bisulfate ion

HPO₄^2- name

hydrogen phosphate ion; biphosphate ion

H₂PO₄^- name

dihydrogen phosphate ion

what are the possible classifications for compounds

ionic (cation-anion), containing hydrogen, covalent (nonmetal-nonmetal)

what are the possible classifications for compounds containing hydrogen

H-metal, H-nonmetal, H-oxyanion

what is the rule for ionic (cation-anion) compounds

name of cation + name of ion (word “ion” dropped)

what is the rule for H-metal compounds

name of cation + name of anion (word “ion” dropped)

what is the rule for H-nonmetal compounds

1. (without the presence of H₂O) → hydrogen __ide

2. (when dissolved in H₂O) → hydro __ic acid

what is the rule for H-oxyanion compounds

1. (without the presence of H₂O) → like ionic compounds: cation + anion

   • hydrogen hypo__ite

   • hydrogen __ite

   • hydrogen __ate

2. (when dissolved in H₂O)

   • hypo__ous acid

   • __ous acid

   • __ic acid

   • per__ic acid

what is the rule for covalent (nonmetal-nonmetal) compounds

1. less electronegative element first (exceptions: when one of the elements is hydrogen)

2. number of atoms of each kind specified by Greek prefixes

3. prefix (mono) at beginning is dropped

the prefix “tetra” is associated with

4

the prefix “penta” is associated with

5

the prefix “hepta” is associated with

7

the prefix “nona” is associated with

9

examples of covalent (nonmetal-nonmetal) compounds

• N₂O₄

• CO

• CO₂

• NO₂

• N₂O

NaCl name

sodium chloride

MgCl₂ name

magnesium chloride

Fe₃N₂ name

iron (II) nitride

Na₂CO₃ name

sodium carbonate

NH₄OH name

ammonium hydroxide

NaH

sodium hydride

CaH₂ name

calcium hydride

HCl name

hydrogen chloride

HF name

hydrogen fluoride

H₂S name

hydrogen sulfide

HCl (aq) name

hydrochloric acid

HF (aq) name

hydrofluoric acid

H₂S (aq) name

hydrosulfuric acid

HClO name

hypochlorous acid

HClO₂ name

chlorous acid

HClO₃ name

chloric acid

HClO₄ name

perchloric acid

HNO₂ name

nitrous acid

HNO₃ name

nitric acid

H₂SO₃ name

sulfurous acid

H₂SO₄ name

sulfuric acid

H₃PO₃ name

phosphorous acid

H₃PO₄ name

phosphoric acid

N₂O₄ name

dinitrogen tetroxide

CO name

carbon monoxide

CO₂ name

carbon dioxide

NO₂ name

nitrogen dioxide

N₂O name

dinitrogen monoxide