PSY 324 Exam Prep

The (Zhang et al., 2013) paper measures sensorimotor and cognitive behavior using

(Quiz 2)

a tablet

The (Zhang et al., 2013) paper's results show slower times after ball heading on __ task.

(Quiz 2)

the Anti-point

The (Zhang et al., 2013) paper examines behavior in

(Quiz 2)

Humans

Heading a ball in soccer is typically considered a ____ head impact.

(Quiz 2)

subconcussive

In the Zhang et al. (2013) paper, data was collected from ____ different participants.

(Quiz 2)

24

In the Zhang et al. (2013) paper, all participants were male

(Quiz 2)

False

The (Zhang et al., 2013) paper provides definitive evidence that the cognitive slowing that occurs after soccer playing with ball heading is only a transient effect and not a longer-lasting change or brain injury.

(Quiz 2)

False

What's the missing label:

Space between Midbrain & Medulla

(Quiz 3, image on pg 825 in PDF)

Pons

What's the missing label?

Name of "group" for caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus

(Quiz 3, image on pg 835 in PDF)

Basal Ganglia

Fill in these labels

Name of the "branches" off the cell body

(Quiz 3, image on pg 28 in PDF)

Dendrites

What's the missing label?

Showing caudate, putamen, and amygdala with the "?" on one part

(Quiz 3, image on pg 835 in PDF)

Thalamus

Fill in these labels

? --> Caudal; Superior --> Inferior ?

(Quiz 3, image on pg 817 in PDF)

Rostral; Caudal

Fill in these labels top to bottom

Cingulate sulcus, Cinculate gyrus, ?, ?, Parietal lobe, ?, ?, Temporal lobe

(Quiz 3, image on pg 819 in PDF)

Frontal lobe, Central sulcus, Parieto-Occipital sulcus, occipital lobe

What's the missing label?

Area between Thalamus and Pons

(Quiz 3, image on pg 825 in PDF)

Midbrain

Which statement best describes the function of a neuron with multiple, highly branched dendrites and one axon?

(Quiz 4)

It integrates infromation from many neurons.

Structure ______ contains the most concentrated number of synaptic vesicles and is the structure from which neurotransmitters are released.

(Quiz 4, image not in PDF)

E

Structure _______ is the main target for incoming signals received from the axons of other cells.

(Quiz 4, image not in PDF)

B

Which function is a characteristic primarily of neurons only, and not glia?

(Quiz 4)

Transmits action potentials

Which cell produces myelin in the nerves of the peripheral nervous system?

(Quiz 4)

Schwann cell

Structure _______ insulates the axon allowing the action potential to travel more rapidly down it's length.

(Quiz 4, image not in PDF)

C

The brain imaging technique that makes use of a narrow X-ray beam is called

(Quiz 4)

CT

Which component is part of the peripheral nervous system?

(Quiz 4)

Spinal nerve

The structural brain imaging technique that relies on the resonance frequencies of atoms in a small magnetic field is

(Quiz 4)

MRI

Which statement best describes MOST neurons?

(Quiz 4)

They receive information via dendrites.

Retinal axons project to the

(Quiz 5)

All of these areas (hypothalamus, thalamus, pretectum, superior colliculus)

A person with cerebral achromatopsia generally as trouble ________, because of the damage to the __________.

(Quiz 5)

recognizing colors of objects; extrastriate cortex

The koniocellular pathway terminates in what layer of the V1?

(Quiz 5)

2/3

The strictly monocular portion of the visual field is represented exclusively by which region of the retina?

(Quiz 5)

Nasal

Neurons in the striate cortex are NOT tuned to which property of a stimulus?

(Quiz 5)

Speed

What percentage of ganglion cell axons to NOT cross at the optic chiasm?

(Quiz 5)

40%

Retinal ganglion cell axons cross at the _______.

(Quiz 5)

optic chiasm

The ocular dominance columns occur in what layer of the V1?

(Quiz 5)

4

The visual area that is located most caudally in the human brain is area

(Quiz 5)

V1

The visual area that is located most anteriorly in the human brain is area

(Quiz 5)

MT

Schizophrenia is associated with which of the following eye-movement dyfucntions?

(Quiz 6)

impairment in smooth pursuit movements

How are the upper motor neurons in the superior colliculus organized?

(Quiz 6)

As a topographical map of eye movement vectors

What is the function of tiny saccades and drift during visual perception?

(Quiz 6)

To change retinal stimulus during fixation, preventing retinal adaptation

Damage to the dorsal visual stream in the parietal lobe would affect which type of eye movement?

(Quiz 6)

Smooth pursuit

A subject in an eye movement experiment is instructed to focus on a specific target. After the start of the scene, the target is moved. The target is moved again (solid red ine in figure) 200 ms later. Which graph depicts the change in the subject's eye position that the researchers would expect to see?

(Quiz 6)

The one where the blue line moves up twice (no picture available because i refuse to pay for quizlet+)

Which muscle is primarily responsible for abduction of the eye?

(Quiz 6)

Lateral rectus

How do vergence movements differ from other eye movements?

(Quiz 6)

In vergence movements, the eyes move in different directions.

Huntington's Disease is associated with which of the following eye-movement dysfunctions?

(Quiz 6)

inability to initiate voluntary saccades

Where are the lower motor neuron cell bodies that innervate the lateral rectus muscle located?

(Quiz 6)

Abducens nucleus

The frontal eye fields influence horizontal eye movement by innervating the

(Quiz 6)

superior colliculus and the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)

If neocortical output from Layer 5 was disrupted, comminucation with which structure would be affected?

(Quiz 7)

Striatum

Which figure best illustrates the control of attention by the two hemispheres?

(Quiz 7, image not in PDF)

The image where the right hemisphere has a wider visual range than the left hemisphere, but the left hemisphere still has a visual field

Which behavioral task would lead to increased firing rate in the neurons in the location outlined in the figure?

(Quiz 7, image on pg 659 in PDF)

Attending a visual target

The part of cerebral cortex that is especially important for selecting and planning appropriate behavioral responses is the ______ lobe.

(Quiz 7)

frontal

Early in the twentieth centure, scientists divided the brain into approximately 50 regions based on which characteristic?

(Quiz 7)

Histological features

A patient is asked to draw a house by copying the model picture shown above. His version is shown on the right. Which of the following disorders would you suspect the patient has?

(Left half of the drawing is missing in patient drawing)

(Quiz 7, image not in PDF)

Contralateral neglect syndrome

If thalamic output to the cortex was disruped, which layer of the neocortex would be affected?

(Quiz 7)

Layer 4

How many cellular layers make up the NEOCORTEX?

(Quiz 7)

6

If output from neocortical layer 6 is blocked, which structure would lose significant input?

(Quiz 7)

Thalamus

A husband reports that his wife has begun acting strangely. For example, she refuses to eat the food on the left side of her plate at meals, caliming she has finished all her food. She also has neglected to put her left arm in her shirt the last few days and has begun putting her makeup on only the right side of her face. Hearing these symptoms, where would you expect to find damage in the woman's nervous system?

(Quiz 7)

Right posterior parietal cortex

A major function of the temporal lobe is

(Quiz 8)

recognition and identification of stimuli

Individuals with prosopagnosia

(Quiz 8)

cannot recognize the face of a familiar person.

Damage to which region would lead to language-related agnosia?

(Quiz 8)

Lateral surface of left temporal lobe

During an MRI, a subject is shown an image of a face. In which of the following regions would you expect to see an increase in neural activity?

(Quiz 8)

Right fusiform gyrus

The data in the graphs represent the firing of a neuron in a monkey brain recorded while presenting the monkey with the corresponding images. In wihch region was the neuron being recorded located?

(Quiz 8, image not in PDF)

Inferior temporal cortex

Which symptoms would you expect a patient with a right temporal lobe lesion to exhibit?

(Quiz 8)

Deficit in recognizing faces

The ___ association cortex is involved in recognizing objects, while the ____ association cortex is involved in deciding what to do with the object.

(Quiz 8)

temporal; frontal

A teacher at a local school feels frustrated whenever the seasons change because her students begin wearing different shoes to school. This troubles her because she usually identifies her students by their footwear, and without that clue, she must wait for each student to talk before she knows who they are. Considering her symptoms, where would you expect to find damage in her nervous system?

(Quiz 8)

Right fusiform gyrus

A patient is presented with the images in the figure one at a time and asked to report how many colors she can see. When the two colors are presented as separate objects, as in the Random or Single dislplay, she reports that she can see only one color. When the two colors are presented as part of the same object, however, she reports seeing both colors. What would the most likely diagnosis of this patient be?

(Quiz 9)

Balint's syndrome

While subjects are focusing on a blank screen, a flash of light unexpectedly appears in one of two locations. Following the flash, a target image appears on the screen. Half of the time the target image is in the same location as the flash, and hafl the time it is presented on the other side of the screen. What does this test measure?

(Quiz 9)

Exogenous attention

While subjects are focusing on a blank screen, a flash of light unexpectedly appears in one of two locations. Following the flash, a target image appears on the screen. Half the time the target image is in the same location as the flash, and half the time it is presented on the other side of the screen. The data collected are presented in the graph. What phenomenon occurs when the target is presented more than 300 ms after the cue?

(Quiz 9)

Inhibition of return

A patient experienced a severe head trauma and now is unable to point to an object in space under visual guidance and has difficulty moving his eyes toward a visual target. What would the most likely diagnosis for this patient be?

(Quiz 9)

Balint's syndrome

A subject is instructed to focus on an image of a person. Whil ethe subject examines the image, an auditory stimulus is presented form the same location. What does this test measure?

(Quiz 9)

Supramodal attention

When subjects are presented with a picture of a person, they tend to focus their attention on the face and eyes of the individual. However, when they are asked to draw conclusions about the individual in the image, like wealth, they shift their gaze to look at the clothes or surrounding environment. What does this test measure?

(Quiz 9)

Overt attention

Subjects are asked to focus on a center point until a shape appears, and then name the shape. Before the shape appears, an arrow appears either pointing in the direction the shape will appear (valid), pointing in both directions (neutral), or pointing in the opposite direction from which the shape will appear (invalid). How would the subjects' reaction time for naming the shape differ among these conditions?

(Quiz 9)

The bar graph that goes from lowest bar to highest bar (valid - low, neutral - mid, invalid - high)

Which evidence suggests that unattended infromation is processed in the brain and that filtering occurs late in the sensory processing pathway?

(Quiz 9)

A person attends to his name when it is mentioned in an unattended conversation

A subject is instructed to draw a clock from memory. Her version is shown in the figure (image on pg 697 of PDF). What would the patient's diagnosis most likely be?

(Quiz 9)

Hemispatial negelct syndrome

Which region is likely to cause hemispatial neglect syndrome when damaged?

(Quiz 9, image not in Ch. 29)

B

During behavioral testing, a monkey is unable to complete the delayed response task. Neurological damage to which area would produce this symptom?

(Quiz 10)

Bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

The activated region in the fMRI scan above is responsible for which function?

(Quiz 10, image on pg 663 (A) of PDF)

The planning and execution of appropriate behavior

While a monkey participates in a delayed response task, data from a prefrontal cortical neuron is collected. Each bar in the graph represents an action potential in the neuron, and the red box is the time the screen is closed. The activity of the neuron during the delay period is thought to represent the neural correlate of:

(Quiz 10, image on pg 665 (A) of PDF)

short-term memory and planning

Which change or deficiency was NOT reported in early case studies of individuals with frontal lobe damage?

(Quiz 10)

Difficulty with intellectual functioning

Why did the medical community stop performing leukotomies around 1950?

(Quiz 10)

Effective psychotropic drugs were developed.

What symptom would you expect bilateral lesions to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to produce in a monkey?

(Quiz 10)

Delayed or abolished success during the delayed response task

In terms of brain anatomy, the largest lobes in humans are the ___________ lobes.

(Quiz 10)

frontal

Subjects indicated whether they prefer french fries from Restaurant A or B. They are then given french fries from the restaurant they prefer while being evaluated using fMRI. The figure shows the activation of a particular brain region in response to tasting fries from Restaurant A compared to Restaurant B (y-axis) plotted against the number of times a subject chose A over B (x-axis). Which brain region showed differences in activation?

(Quiz 10, image on pg 663 of PDF)

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Which region is NOT considered to be part of the default-mode network?

(Quiz 11)

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Changes in blood flow to which brain region can be used to predict purchasing behavior based on personal preferences?

(Quiz 11)

Orbitofrontal cortex

A subject completes a Stroop task while being scanned in an fMRI machine. Where woudl you expect to see an increase in brain activity?

(Quiz 11, image on pg 751 of PDF)

A

Which region is believed to be responsible for being flexible in different situations?

(Quiz 11, image on pg 751 of PDF)

C

Which brain region is believed to be responsible for self-control?

(Quiz 11, image on pg 751 of PDF)

D

Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of the prefrontal cortex?

(Quiz 11)

Brodmann cytoarchitectonic areas are well established.

Which region is believed to be responsible for self-awareness?

(Quiz 11, image on pg 751 of PDF)

B

Which two regions are major sources of dopamine in the brain?

(Quiz 11)

Ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta

While playing a game, in which you must remember a list of eight words, while being scanned by fMRI, which of your brain regions would most likely show increased activity?

(Quiz 11)

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Which region does NOT directly communicate with the orbitofrontal cortex?

(Quiz 11)

Premotor cortex

Which region is responsible for monitoring unconscious body states to regulate behavior?

(Quiz 11, image on pg 751 of PDF)

E

Which brain region is believed to be resopnsible for evaluating options?

C