Overview of Russian History Before and During the Revolution

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and figures from Russian history leading up to and during the revolution, including socio-economic issues, political structures, key policies, and the impact of World War I.

Mass Russification was viewed by minorities as an attack on __.

their own language, clothing, and customs.

The percentage of land owned by the nobility in Russia was __ of the total landmass.

25%

Peasants made up __% of the Russian population.

77%

The secret police used by the Tsar to suppress dissent were known as the __.

Okhrana

Karl Marx's ideas, which became popular in opposition to the Tsar, promoted the concept of __.

workers revolting against owners.

Tsar Nicholas II became famous for his __, which left him unprepared for ruling.

inability to make decisions.

The liberal opposition in Russia, wanting more democracy, were known as __.

Cadets.

The economic problems during WWI in Russia were caused by high inflation and shortages of __.

food, fuel, and everyday goods.

The Bolshevik slogan during their rise included '__,' symbolizing their promises to the people.

Bread, Peace, and Land.

In February 1917, the __ system could no longer survive due to the circumstances.

Tsarist.

The __ were a group that wanted to redistribute land among the peasantry during the revolution.

Socialist Revolutionaries.

The Kornilov affair notably increased the __ of the Bolsheviks.

power and popularity.

The Treaty of __ was signed in March 1918, taking Russia out of WWI but costing it significant territory.

Brest-Litovsk.

By the end of the Civil War, the Bolsheviks' main military advantage was their __ over key industrial centers.

geographical control.

Lenin's policy that allowed some private ownership was known as the __.

New Economic Policy (NEP).

Stalin's approach to modernizing the economy through targeted plans was called __.

Five-Year Plans.

The term __ refers to Stalin's mass campaigns against perceived enemies within the Communist Party.

Purges.

Collectivization aimed at consolidating individual landholdings into __ units.

collective.

The great famine in the Soviet Union from 1932-34 was largely a result of __ policies.

collectivization.

The first Five-Year Plan focused heavily on __ production to bolster the economy.

heavy industry.

Trotsky was known for his role in organizing the __ which became key to Bolshevik military strength.

Red Army.

The showcase industrial project undertaken by Stalin, which showed the regime's ambition, was __.

Magnitogorsk.

By 1941, the Soviet Union was focused on __ in anticipation of impending conflict with Germany.

military preparedness.