family marriage 5 & 6

What is sex?

Biological characteristics such as chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive anatomy.

What is gender?

The socially learned behaviors, attitudes, and expectations associated with being male or female.

What is gender identity?

A person's internal sense of being male, female, both, neither, or another gender.

What is a gender stereotype?

A generalized belief about how males or females should think, act, or behave.

Give an example of a gender stereotype.

Believing that boys should not cry or that girls are naturally better caregivers.

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Sex is biological, while gender is socially learned and shaped by culture.

What are instrumental roles?

Traditional roles focused on providing income, protection, and financial support.

What are expressive roles?

Traditional roles focused on nurturing, caregiving, and emotional support.

What is maintenance work in communication?

Behaviors that keep conversations going, such as asking questions and encouraging others to speak.

What is conversational dominance?

Controlling a conversation by talking more, interrupting, or directing the discussion.

What is sociobiology?

The theory that biological evolution helps explain gender differences.

What is social learning theory?

The idea that gender roles are learned through observation, imitation, rewards, and punishment.

What is cognitive development theory?

The theory that children actively learn and understand gender roles as they mature.

Give an example of cognitive development theory.

A child chooses toys associated with their gender because they understand gender expectations.

What is symbolic interaction theory?

The theory that gender is created and reinforced through everyday social interactions.

What is feminist theory?

A perspective that examines gender inequality and power differences between men and women.

What are five sources of learning gender roles?

Parents, siblings, peers, schools, and the media.

How do parents influence gender roles?

They teach expectations through chores, toys, language, and behavior.

How do peers influence gender roles?

Peers encourage behaviors that fit cultural gender expectations.

How does the media influence gender roles?

It promotes stereotypes through television, movies, advertisements, and social media.

What is traditional gender ideology?

The belief that men should be providers and women should be caregivers.

What is egalitarian gender ideology?

The belief that men and women should share work and family responsibilities equally.

What is self-love?

Having healthy self-esteem and self-respect.

Why is self-love important?

It helps people build healthy relationships with others.

What is friendship?

A close relationship based on trust, support, and shared experiences.

What are Keith Davis's eight qualities of friendship?

Enjoyment, acceptance, trust, respect, mutual support, confiding, understanding, and honesty.

What are the three main components of love?

Caring, intimacy, and commitment.

What is caring?

Concern for another person's well-being and happiness.

What is intimacy?

Emotional, physical, or personal closeness between people.

What is commitment?

The decision to remain in and work on a relationship over time.

What are three kinds of intimacy?

Physical intimacy, affective (emotional) intimacy, and verbal intimacy.

What is physical intimacy?

Closeness shown through affection and sexual behavior.

What is affective intimacy?

Sharing emotions and developing emotional closeness.

What is verbal intimacy?

Openly sharing thoughts, feelings, and personal experiences.

What is romantic love?

Intense love characterized by passion and physical attraction.

What is long-term (companionate) love?

Love based on commitment, trust, friendship, and companionship.

How are romantic love and long-term love different?

Romantic love is more passionate, while long-term love emphasizes commitment and stability.

What is social exchange theory?

The theory that people evaluate the rewards and costs of relationships.

What is attachment theory?

The theory that childhood attachment styles influence adult relationships.

What are three functions of love?

Promotes human survival, improves physical and emotional health, and provides companionship and happiness.

What is Lee's Eros style of loving?

Passionate love based on physical attraction.

What is Lee's Ludus style of loving?

Playful love that treats relationships like a game.

What is Lee's Storge style of loving?

Love that develops slowly from friendship.

What is Lee's Pragma style of loving?

Practical love based on compatibility and realistic choices.

What is Lee's Mania style of loving?

Intense, possessive, and emotionally dependent love.

What is Lee's Agape style of loving?

Selfless, unconditional, and giving love.

Which style of loving develops from friendship?

Storge.

Which style of loving is obsessive and possessive?

Mania.

Which style of loving is practical?

Pragma.

Which style of loving is passionate?

Eros.

Which style of loving is playful?

Ludus.

Which style of loving is selfless?

Agape.