Dual Credit Western Civ: Quiz #4

"Worlds Entangled"

Little Ice Age (1620-1680)

Global temperature dropped, bringing less precipitation, led to agricultural failure, and resulted in spreading hunger and famine. Riots and rebellions from the lower class towards the emperor (Peasant Uprisings)

Major Commodities

Sugar, silver, and slaves

Urbanization

A reaction caused by the Little Ice Age which led to overpopulation/overcrowding, greater spread of disease, and lack of sustaining food

European Diet

Sugar-based

Mercantilism

Economic theory that trade generates wealth and is simulated by the accumulation of profitable balance, which governments should encourage by means of protectionism

What four causes led to the decline in mining activity in the New World?

1) Combination of low sunspot activity

2) Changing Ocean currents

3) Number of volcanic eruption

4) Mass Dying of Amerindians: having native populations deforesting the land that opens up more agricultural production. No longer having that causes a dramatic regrowth of  Wildlands in forests(Climax Community)

trappers

major trade commodities that rely on native materials like fur became more intertwined with Native cultures; relying on trade and familial bonds; beavers

Rise of the Comanche

Rise in the Great Plains due to the adaptation of horses; people moved out of their territory but became more reliant on their resources

gender imbalance in the slave trade

In some places, like Dahomey, this allowed women more power to control political events; also seen that women don’t provide as much labor as the men

Celali Revolt(1607-1608)

Peasant Uprising that marched all the way to the gates of Istanbul and parts of modern Turkey get decimated; as the revolt get puts down by the sultan, the Ottoman Empire is able to gain a better foothold; in the wake of this revolt the Koprulu family came to power as grand viziers

grand viziers

 does the actual running of a country; they enact a wide range of reforms such as revitalized tax codes, building projects, etc.

Mamluks

 rose back to power in Egypt due to the Ottoman march to Vienna; the crown jewel of the Ottoman empire in economics and education through aligning with merchants and ulama (Muslim scholars) to cultivate local power

Manchu

nomadic peoples across 17c. China

 canton system

required European merchants to have guild merchants act as guarantors for their good behavior and payment of fees

Dutch East India Company

in 1602 to challenge Spain and Portugal in the region; under Jan Pieterszoon Coen, they took Jakarta in 1619, hoping to replace natives with planters to cultivate spices, tea, coffee, and teak wood

Safavid Empire Collapse

was at its peak under Abbas I (1588-1629), but after him, weak shahs ruled, and the state collapsed in 1773 under pressure from Afghan tribes

Mughal Empire 17c.

At the height of its power as government wealth came from land rent; there was raised peasant taxes and; the House of Bengal arose

daimyos

regional ruling families in Japan loyal to the emperor and commanded private armies of samurai

Tokugawa Ieyasu

 took power in 1603 and assumed the title of shogun; declared his line hereditary; shift from Kyoto to Edo(Tokyo); created the city out of swamp; improved tax systems and agricultural systems allowed the population to triple from 1550 and 1700

Daimyos vs. Emperor

emperor’s were mainly the figure heads of the nation while daimyos were in charge of the military aspects

Muscovy

centered around the city of Moscow and later will become the capital of Russia; became dominant in Russia

 Ivan IV (the Terrible)

conquered the Tatar people in 1552 and incorporated them into Orthodox Russia; other military failures led to internal turmoil and dynasty ended in 1598

Key Points That Made Russia Grow As An Empire

conquering Siberia, incorporation of Ukraine region, and victory over Sweden by Peter the Great

Thirty Years War(1618-1648)

war between Protestants  and Catholics that also encapsulated other regional rivalries; Spain and Austria vs. France; Spain vs. the Dutch; the German state lost ⅓ of urban populations and ⅖ of their rural populations

Treaty of Westphalia(1648)

 right to practice any recognized denomination; larger standing armies that used increasing numbers of mercenaries; standardization of firearms

English Navigation Act of 1651

only English ships could carry goods between England and its colonies