Science final definitions

Motion

A change in position of all checked overtime

Vector quantity

A equality that involves both magnitude and direction

Scalar quantity

A quantity that involves only magnitude but not direction

Position

An objects location relative to a starting point. position is a vector quantity

Distance

The amount of space between all objects or points. Distance is a scaler quantity.

Displacement

The distance travelled relative to a starting point. Displacement is a vector quantity.

Uniform motion

An object that is moving in a specific direction at a constant speed

1. constant speed

2. constant direction

Non uniform motion

An object travels an unequal distance in asserted amount of time and or is changing direction

Delta

Means change in

Velocity

The displacement of an object over a certain amount of time

Acceleration

An object whose velocity is changing (whether it’s speed is increasing or decreasing, or direction is changing)

Weight

Is the force of gravity, pulling down on an object

Mass

The measure of the amount of weight in an object

Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist change in motion

Physical property

Characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured

Chemical property

How a substance reacts with other substances

Physical change

Change in a state without change in chemical components

Chemical change

Produces a new substance

Chemistry

The science in which substances are examined

Products

Substances that exist after reaction has occurred

Reactants

Substance that exists before reaction occurred

Exothermic

Chemical reaction in which energy is given to make product feel warmer

Endothermic

Chemical reaction in which energy is taken to make product feel colder

Period

Horizontal rows

Group/family

Vertical rows

Metals

Left of ladder

Non-metals

Right of ladder

Metaliods

Along the staircase

Atom

Small units that maintain its chemical properties

Proton

Positive charged atom

Neutron

No charge

Election

Negative charged atom

Ion

Charged atom

Cation

Atom with a positive charge

Ionic bond

When metals bond with non-metals

Polyatomic ion

Grouped atoms hold an ionic charge

Covalent bond

2 non-metals bond together

Isotope

Different form of the same element

Valance electrons

Election in the outer most shell

Multivalent ions

When ions formed have more than one possible charge

Alkali metals

In group one

Are malleable, soft, and can be cut easily

Alkaline earth metals

Somewhat reactive

Group 2

Halogens

Group 17

Very reactive, non-metals

Noble gases

Group 18

Gasses, colourless

Biodiversity

The diversity of living things

Invasive species

Species that expand their range and out compete when opportunity arises

Abiotic

Non living chemical and physical parts of an environment

Autotroph

Organisms that can make their own food from basic nutrients and sunlight

Photosynthesis

Process which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in sugar form

Carrying capacity

Size of a population that can be supported indefinitely by the resources of given ecosystem

Heterotroph

Organisms which east of feed off others

Food web

Food chains which interlock with each other to form a feeding relationship

Ecosystem

All the interacting parts of a biological community and it’s environment

Limiting factors

Factors that limit growth, distribution, or amount of population in an ecosystem

Weather

Physical conditions of the atmosphere at a specific time and place

Biomagnification

Concentration of toxins increase as you move up a food chain

Sustainability

Earths services/resources in ways and at levels that can continue forever

Decomposition

The process where dead plants and animal material break down and are converted into simpler organic form

Biotic

Living components of an environment

Climate

How weather behaves over a long period of time

Exponential growth

The unrestricted growth of a population of organisms occurring when resources in habitat are unlimited

10% rule

When energy is passed from one trophic level to the next only ten percent of energy is passed on

Carnivores

Only eat meat

Herbivores

Only eats places

Omnivore

Eats both plants and meat

Primary consumer

Feeds on products and is the first to eat

Secondary consumer

Feeds on primary consumer and is second to eat

Tertiary consumer

Feeds on secondary and third to eat

Quaternary consumer

Feeds on tertiary and fourth to eat

Producer

Only organisms in an ecosystem that can make its own energy

Density independent factors

Fire, tornado, floods, earthquake, tsunami, hurricane

Density dependent factors

Food supply, water quality, space/shelter, territory, disease, sunlight

Sustainability

Ability to maintain or improve quality of life for current and future generations by balance

Condensation, evaporation, precipitation, transpiration, run off

Photosynthesis, organisms decay, fossil fuels form, animal respiration, root restoration, dead organisms and waste, vehicle and factory emissions

Water cycle

One of the forms of matter that is continually recycled through biosphere

Carbon cycle

Cycles between all living things and non living things

Nitrogen cycle

Cycles between living and non living worlds. Used to make proteins and DNA

Phosphorus cycle

When rocks erode phosphite goes into waterways