Lesson 9 - Infectious Diseases

incubation

Which stage of infectious disease?

- the time between entry of the virus and the time when you begin to feel ill

- lasts 1-3 days

no (the virus is just entering your system)

Are you contagious during the incubation stage?

prodromal

Which stage of infectious disease?

- when the first symptoms occur

- you may be contagious

- your immune system has discovered the pathogen but hasn't destroyed it

- lasts 1-2 days

are

You (are/are not) contagious during the prodromal stage.

acute

Which stage of infectious disease?

- your immune system is working overtime to fight off the infection

- most severe symptoms occur

- a fever occurs when the body temperature is raised above 98.6º

- lasts 2-5 days

98.6

What is considered a normal body temperature?

recovery

Which stage of infectious disease?

- when you begin to feel better

- lasts 2-4 days

convalescence

Which stage of infectious disease?

- the period between the end of infection and feeling really well

- a relapse is possible during this time

- lasts 1-3 days

relapse

a deterioration in someone's health after a period of temporary improvement

convalescence

a relapse is possible during this stage of infectious disease

incubation, prodromal, acute, recovery, convalescence

What are the stage of infectious disease in order?

epidemic

occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly to many people in a given population, usually within a short period of time

epidemic

A(n) (epidemic/pandemic) is...

- specific to one location (city, region, country)

- examples: seasonal flu, ebola, obesity

pandemic

occurs when an infectious disease covers a much wider geographical area, often worldwide (e.g. COVID-19, influenza, west nile)

HIV/AIDS

one of the most destructive global pandemics in history

common cold

- a group of symptoms caused by a variety of viruses

- symptoms include sneezing, sore throat, runny nose, coughing, fever, headaches, and muscle aches

- lasts 3-7 days

- most contagious during the first day or two

- NO CURE for this disease

- treated with rest, good nutrition, and drinking plenty of fluids

no (but it can be treated with rest, good nutrition, and plenty of fluids)

Is there a cold for the common cold?

False (The common cold is most contagious during the first day or two.)

True or False: The common cold is most contagious during the third and fourth day.

influenza

- viral infection of the upper respiratory system

- symptoms include high fever, sore throat, headache, and cough

- lasts 7-10 days

- 20,000 Americans die from this disease each year

- some types of this disease can be prevented by immunizations

influenza

The flu is short for...

viral

What type of infection is influenza?

no (it is a viral infection, so antibiotics doesn't work)

Can influenza be treated with antibiotics?

pneumonia

- a serious lung infection

- flu may develop into this disease

- caused by viruses, bacteria, or even a fungi

-can be treated with antibiotics

- lasts about 2 weeks

influenza

Pneumonia is caused by what disease?

yes (pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics)

Is there a cure for pneumonia?

yes

Can pneumonia be treated with antibiotics?

False (Pneumonia is a highly contagious disease.)

True or False: Pneumonia is not a very contagious disease, but is still contagious.

mononucleosis

- viral infection that causes the lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen to become swollen and tender

- symptoms include fever, chills, sore throat, and extreme fatigue

- common among teenagers

- infection disappears in 3-6 weeks

- treatment consists fo medications, rest, and good nutrition

mononucleosis

What does mono stand for?

mononucleosis

aka the kissing disease

viral

What type of infection is mononucleosis?

tuberculosis

- highly contagious bacterial infection that affects the lungs

- 3 million people throughout the world die each year from this disease

- symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, a mild fever, night sweats, and a chronic cough

- most cases of this disease can be cured with a combination of medications that need to be taken for up to a year

yes (can be cured with a combination of medications that need to be taken for up to a year)

Is there a cure for tuberculosis?

bacterial

What type of disease is tuberculosis?

hepatitis

- inflammation of the liver caused by a group of viruses that infect the liver

- symptoms include fever, nausea, pain in the abdomen, tiredness, jaundice, and sometimes brown urine

- most common types are A, B, and C

viral

What type of disease is hepatitis?

Hepatitis A

- least severe type of hepatitis

- transmitted in human wastes and contaminated water and food

- can be prevented with a vaccine

Hepatitis B and C

- more severe than type A

- transmitted in blood and during sexual contact

B

One million Americans carry Hepatitis (B/C), for which there is a vaccine.

C

Four million people carry Hepatitis (B/C), for which there are few treatment options at this time.

C

There is no cure and symptoms may emerge late for Hepatitis (A/B/C).

recreational water illness

can occur when water is contaminated by E.coli (bacteria) or by giardia (microorganism that infects the digestive system)

bacterial

E.coli is what type of infection?