Chapter 3 - Life Science

3A, 3B, and 3C

3A, Nucleotide

Small subunits in DNA.

3A, Gene

A section of a DNA molecule that codes for a unique protein.

3B, Transcription

the process of making “working copies” for the ribosomes.

3B, Ribonucleic acid

a new but slightly different kind of nucleic acids.

3B, Translation

The process of converting DNA code into protein

3B, codon

a codon is a set of three nucleotides in a row

3B, amino acid

the molecules used to build proteins

3B, anticodon

a thing on one end of tRNA that matches a codon on the mRNA

3B, protein synthesis

the process of amino acids being bonded together in a growing chain

3B, engineered system

a group of things that are planned, designed, and built to work together to do a certain job

3B, irreducible complexity

that if one part of the system is remover or broke, it will stop functioning.

3C, Cell cycle

the process of growth and reproduction

3C, interphase

the portion of the cell cycle when the cell grows and carry’s out normal functions

3C, replication

The DNA copying process

3C, mitosis

the next step of the cell cycle. it makes sure that each new daughter cell will have the same number of genes as those in the parent cell

3C, cytokinesis

the final stage of the cell cycle. it divides the parent cell and gives some cytoplasm and organelles to the daughter cell.

3C, asexual reproduction

reproduction that does not involve gametes

3C, gamete

sperm and egg cells

3C, sexual reproduction

the process of reproduction using gametes

3C, meiosis

the process of reducing by half the amount of DNA present in each sperm or egg cell.

3C, homologus chromosomes

matching pairs of chromosomes

3C, fertilization

the joining of gametes

3C, zygote

the diploid cell that results from fertilization