Cell Unit

Cell

Small parts that make up living things

Anatomy

Parts of the body

Physiology

Function of the parts of the body

Pathology

Study of disease of the body

Homeostasis

The bodys ability to stay the same when outside things change

Equalibrium

The same inside and outside

Plasma membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cytoplasm

Watery liquid organelles float in

Ribosome

Makes proteins

Rough ER

Has ribosomes that make proteins and transport them to the cel

Smooth ER

Attached to the rough ER and makes enzymes to help with calcium storage

Golgi apparatus

Packages proteins and sends them to the cell

Lysome

Cleans up the cell

Peroxisome

Cleans/ picks up toxins in the cell

Vesicle

Picks stuff up and takes it out of the cell

Cytoskeleton

Structure of the cell

Mitocondria

Powerhouse of the cell

Centrioles

Used for cell reporduction

Nucleus

Controls the cell

Nucleolus

Inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes

Cilia

Tiny hairs that help move things around

Flagellum

Help move things around (sperm)

Transport

Moves things around

High concentration

Areas where there is a lot of substance

Low concentration

Areas where there is little/less substance

Semi-permable

Lets stuff enter/leave the cell

Glycoproteins

Sugar proteins

Protien channels

Lets certain things move in/ out of the cell

Phospholipid bilayer

Makes up the main structure of the cell

Hormone receptor sites

Triggers change

Cholestoral

Keeps things in line

Simple diffusion

Molecules move from high to low concentration with no energy and no protein channels

Facilitated diffusion

Molecules move from high to low concentration with no energy but with protein channels

Osmosis

Simple diffusion of water

Filtration

Movement of water from areas of high to low pressure

Toncity

Ability to change the shape of the cell

ATP

Energy/fuel

Ion pumps

Protein uses energy to move ions across the cell membrane

Endocytosis

Bring stuff into the cell

Endocytosis: Pinocytosis

Traps fluid and creates a vesicle

Endocytosis: Phagocytosis

Wraps around solid matter and forms a vesicle

Exocytosis

Lets stuff out of the cell

Transcription

Copies DNA instructions into mRNA

Translation

Uses mRNA instructions to make proteins

DNA

Genetic instructions

tRNA

Brings amino acids to ribosomes

mRNA

Instructions from DNA to ribosomes

Gene

Instructions for a specific trait

Codon

3 bases (triplet) that tell which amino acids to add to a protein

Chromosone

DNA inside the cells nucleus

Amino acids

Building blocks of proteins

Mitosis

Cell division into 2 identical cells

Meiosis

Cell division into 4 different cells

Interphase

Cell grows and copies DNA

Prophase

DNA comes together into chromosomes

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up and meet in the middle of the cell

Anaphase

Chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

Telophase

New nucleus form around the separated chromosomes