Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards

A series of vocabulary flashcards derived from the Final Exam Study Guide, targeting bacterial nomenclature, laboratory tools, prokaryotic/eukaryotic structures, viral cycles, genetics, and specific infectious diseases.

Staphylo

An example of bacterial species nomenclature.

Coccus

An example of bacterial morphology (shape).

The Five I’s of Microbiology

Laboratory tools that focus on inoculation, incubation, and isolation.

Internal prokaryotic structures

Structures including the plasmid, ribosomes, bacterial chromosome, and endospores.

External Prokaryotic appendages

Appendages including flagella, pili, fimbriae, and capsules.

Endospores

Internal prokaryotic structures that are characterized by anaerobic formation in the context of Tetanus.

Bacteriophages

A type of virus structure categorized under the Viral Structure and Life Cycle section.

Animal virus components

Structures typically consisting of spikes, capsid, envelope, and nucleic acid core.

Animal virus replication cycle

The six-stage process consisting of Adsorption, Penetration, Uncoating, Synthesis, Assembly, and Release.

Bacterial replication enzymes

Proteins including Helicase, Ligase, RNA Primase, DNA Polymerase I, DNA Polymerase III, and Single Strand Binding Proteins.

Broad vs. Narrow Spectrum

Terms used to define the range of activity for antibiotics.

Superinfections

Antimicrobial therapy related conditions defined with examples.

Obtaining antibiotic resistance

The result of processes such as Transduction, Conjugation, and Transformation.

Stages of an infectious disease

The developmental phases including incubation, prodromal, invasive, decline, and convalescent.

Bacterial exotoxins

Toxins produced by bacteria, with examples including Hemolysins, Leukocidins, Neurotoxins, and Enterotoxins.

Transmission types

Methods of disease spread including Direct, Indirect, Droplet, and Vehicle.

Incidence vs. prevalence

Rate types used to measure and define disease statistics.

Phagocytosis

A host defense stage involving specific cell types, PAMPs, and PRRs.

Inflammation

An innate host defense reaction involving Histamine, Vasodilation, and Leukocytosis.

Pyrogens

Substances that act on the hypothalamus to trigger benefits of fevers.

Immunologically privileged

A phrase describing the unique immune status of the nervous system.

Zoonotic infection

The infection category associated with the transmission of Rabies.

Nervous system cells

Specific cell types such as microglia and the structures comprising the blood brain barrier.

Signs, symptoms, and syndromes

The clinical indicators used to differentiate and describe disease presentation.

Cardiovascular/Lymphatic infection terms

Terms to define including fungemia, viremia, septicemia, and bacteremia.

Buboes

A symptom associated with bubonic plague.

Purpura

A symptom associated with septicemic plague.

Influenza spikes

Viral components known specifically as neuraminidase and hemagglutinin.

Antigenic shift vs. drift

Terminology used to differentiate types of changes in the influenza virus.

Tubercles

Structures that form and break down during a primary tuberculosis (TB) infection.

Caseous lesions

Formations created during a tuberculosis (TB) infection.