Unit 1 Quiz AP Bio

What is the goal of scientific investigation?

To obtain and interpret reliable scientific data

Why do we engage in the scientific method in biology?

To answer questions about the natural world

To make observations means to...

Identify an event you'd like to understand more about

To formulate a question means to...

Find what testable, data-driven question you can ask about the event

To form a hypothesis means to...

Write a statement that could answer the question. The statement should be both testable and falsifiable

To test the hypothesis means to...

Collect data and observations that helps you determine whether your hypothesis is accurate

To draw conclusions means to...

Interpret your data and observations, attempted to support or refute your hypothesis

In science, nothing can be ________, only ________

proven, supported

Variables

Things that change in an experiment

Independent variables

controlled or chosen by the scientist. On a graph, placed on the x-axis

Dependent variables

measured or observed by the scientist. On a graph, placed on the y-axis

Identify the independent variable: How do solutes dissolved in water affect water's properties of adhesion and cohesion?

solutes dissolved in water

Indentify the dependent variable: Are mealworms more attracted to grains or meats?

attracted

Identify the dependent variable: How do environmental conditions impact the rate of transpiration?

rate of transpiration

Constant

something that should be kept the same for the entire experiment, especially between different trials

Control

something used as a standard of comparison in an experiment. Often the same conditions as your experimental conditions, just without the independent variable.

Positive control

designed where a "known" response is expected

Negative control

designed where no response is expected. This shows that your experimental setup is working properly.

Qualitative data

refers to the qualities of something (e.g., color, shape, texture, odor)

Quantitative data

refers to the quantity of something (e.g., amount or value)

When collecting data, we need to have a ________________ sample size

sufficiently large

When do trails occur?

When you do the EXACT same thing repeatedly

Why are large, unbiased samples so important?

The goal is that your sample is indicative of the entire population

Why are we studying water?

All life occurs in water. Inside and outside the

cell.

Electronegativity

attraction (affinity) for electrons. Ex. F, O, S, N, Br all are highly electronegative

Nonpolar covalent

electrons are shared equally. Ex: diatomic H2, CO2,CH4 and O2

Polar covalent

one atom is more electronegative than another. electrons are not shared equally. Opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges.

In a water molecule, oxygen exerts a ________ pull on the shared electrons than hydrogen

stronger

Oxygen end is slightly ____________ charged in a water molecule

negatively

Hydrogen end is slightly ________ charged in a water molecule

positively

Hydrophilic

Substances that are ionic and polar.... has an affinity for water

Hydrophobic

Any substances that are nonpolar... do NOT have an affinity for water

Hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen atom polar covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom (F,O, or N)

Adhesion

Clinging of one substance to another

What is it called when water is clinging to glass?

Adhesion

What is it called when water is climbing up a paper towel?

Adhesion

Cohesion

Binding together of water molecules by hydrogen bonds. Creates surface tension

How does water get to the top of a tree?

Transpiration

Heat

total quantity of kinetic energy due to molecular motion

Temperature

intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy

Calorie

unit for measuring energy. 4.184 J

One calorie = _________

amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree C

High specific heat

The amount of heat absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree C

Water = ___ cal/g/C (________ J)

1, (4.184 J)

Ethyl alcohol = ___ cal/g/C (________J)

0.6, (2.46 J)

Water's high specific heat can be traced to ____________

Hydrogen bonding

Heat is absorbed when hydrogen bonds _________

break

Heat is released when hydrogen bonds _______

form

Water resists changes to ___________

temperature

_________ moderates tempertures on Earth

water

Evaporative cooling

A water molecule takes a large amount of energy with it whenh it evaporates

High heat of vaporization = _____ calories

540

Versatile solvent

Solutes whose charges or polarity allow them to stick to water molecules dissolve in water. They form aqueous solutions.

Most substances are more dense when solid, but not ______

water

Molecules in ice are ___________ than those in liquid water due to hydrogen bonding

farther apart