General Chemistry: Mole, Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions

Flashcards covering key concepts from General Chemistry on mole, stoichiometry, and chemical reactions.

Mole

The number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12; equals 6.022 x 10^23 particles.

Avogadro's Number

6.022 x 10^23, the number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance.

Unified atomic mass unit (u)

A standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale; defined as one twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

Molar Mass (MM)

The mass in grams of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in g/mol.

Limiting Reagent

The reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction, determining the maximum amount of product formed.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be produced from given amounts of reactants in a chemical reaction.

Actual Yield

The measured amount of a product obtained from a reaction.

Percent Yield

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equations.

Chemical Equation

A representation of a chemical reaction that shows the reactants and products, their quantities, and states.

Oxidation Number

A number assigned to an element in a compound that reflects the number of electrons lost or gained.

Redox Reaction

A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between two species; includes oxidation and reduction.

Precipitation Reaction

A type of reaction where dissolved substances react to form one or more solid products.

Conservation of Mass

A principle stating that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; total mass of reactants equals total mass of products.

Chemical Reaction

A process that involves the rearrangement of molecular or ionic structure of a substance, transforming it into another substance.