Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

These flashcards cover key concepts related to fluid and electrolyte balance, kidney function, hormonal regulation, and acid-base balance.

What is the daily water gain in the body from food and drink?

2.2 L/day.

Which organ is primarily responsible for conserving fluid?

The kidneys.

What is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

The rate at which blood is filtered in the kidneys.

What is the primary action of aldosterone in the body?

Renal sodium reabsorption.

What mechanism allows the kidneys to concentrate urine?

The Loop of Henle acts as a countercurrent multiplier.

What hormonal factor regulates the permeability of the collecting duct to water?

Vasopressin (AVP or ADH).

What happens to urine osmolarity when vasopressin is present?

Urine osmolarity increases.

What are natriuretic peptides, and what is their function in the body?

ANP and BNP increase salt and water excretion to decrease blood volume.

How do changes in volume, blood pressure, and osmolarity trigger physiological responses in the body?

Through various reflexes and hormonal signals to maintain homeostasis.

What is the normal pH range for plasma in the body?

7.38–7.42.