EXSS 288 EXAM 1 quizlets Combined

CPR/AED for the professional rescuer purpose

the purpose of the course is to teach those with a duty to act (professional rescuers) the skills needed to respond appropriately to breathing and cardiac emergencies including the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs)

EMS

Emergency Medical Services; a network of people that includes lay responders, professional rescuers, and medical personnel

Survival and recovery of critically injured or ill victims depends on

recognition and response by the lay responder, early activation of the EMS system, professional rescuer care, prehospital care provided by advanced medical personnel, hospital care, rehabilitation

Lay responder

someone who is not under a contract; not required to help, but may feel an obligation to; provides care while waiting for advanced medical personnel; responsible citizen who takes action when illness/injury occurs

Early Activation of EMS

call 911, provide information (situation, # of victims, location, actions taken) wait for dispatcher to tell you what to do

Professional Rescuer

police officers, fire fighters, lifeguards, athletic trainers; individuals who MUST respond to injury while on the job because they are under contract

Emergency Action Planning

a prearranged plan that can be implemented on a moments notice; includes information about who should be contacted, what safety equipment is available and where to find it, location of a landline phone (allows dispatcher to determine exact location), a pre-written script that contains necessary information for medical professionals (usually directions)

Legal considerations

consist of: duty to act, scope of practice, standard of care, negligence, good samaritan laws, consent, refusal of care, advanced directives, battery, abandonment, confidentiality, and documentation

Duty to act

while a professional rescuer is on duty, they are obligated to act in situations of need

Scope of practice

skills that you are authorized to practice; this limits the care that you can legally provide; includes CPR, rescue breathing, AED, and conscious/unconscious choking

Standard of care

minimum level of care; communicate proper info, recognize victim in need, attempt to rescue, provide emergency care

Negligence

failure to follow standard of care, failure to provide care (if under contract), provide care beyond scope of practice, inappropriate care, failure to control behaviors to prevent further harm or injury (not personal responsibility to diffuse dangerous situations)

Good samaritan laws

protect people who are willing to give care when they receive nothing in return; only apply to those not on duty or under contract; must try to help, perform reasonable actions, cannot engage in gross misconduct

Consent

permission to give care to an individual (conscious adult or parent of minor); state name, level of training, ask permission to help, explain and ask permission for each step of care plan; treat others respectfully and responsibly

Implied consent

assumes that a victim would give consent if able to do so; for use in situations with a child without a guardian or an adult who is unconscious, confused, mentally impaired or physically unable to communicate, seriously injured/ill; counts in a life threatening situation where the victim would give consent

Refusal of care

instances where a victim desperately needs care but refuses it; in this situation explain why they need care and what could happen if they do not seek medical attention; call EMS and document the situation; witness documentation

Advanced directives

written instructions that describe the wishes of a person regarding medical treatment or health care decisions in the event that the person were to become incapacitated and could no longer express their wishes; may include DNR, living will, or power of attorney

Battery

unlawful, harmful, or offensive touching of a person without their consent

Abandonment

after starting care, you must continue until advanced medical personnel is available; you could be legally responsible for leaving a victim who requires ongoing care if you leave the scene of an emergency or stop providing care

Confidentiality

private personal information that you may learn about an injured/ill victim; you cannot share this info with anyone except advanced medical personnel directly responsible for the victim's continued care; this info may include name, address, birthdate, SSN

Documentation

keeping good records of injuries, care given, and facts after incident; this helps medical personnel treat victims, aids future preventative plans and protocols, can protect you in the care of a lawsuit

Bloodborne pathogens

bacteria and viruses present in blood and bodily fluids that can cause disease in humans

Bloodborne pathogens of primary concern

Hep B, Hep C, HIV

Hepatitis B

causes liver infection; transmitted through small amounts of blood/bodily fluids such as puke, genital secretions, and saliva; there is a 3 part vaccine but this cannot be cured

Hepatitis C

causes liver infection; usually transmitted sexually; could be transmitted from old blood transfusions; most common chronic bloodborne infection; #1 cause of liver transplant; no vaccine/treatment

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus; causes AIDS

how bloodborne pathogens spread

4 things necessary: a pathogen has to be present, there must be enough of that pathogen to cause disease, the person must be susceptible to the pathogen, the pathogen must pass through the correct entry site; can be transmitted through direct, indirect, droplet, and vector-borne interactions

Direct

infected blood from one person enters another person through an entry site

Indirect

touching an object/surface that had an infected bodily substance on it

Droplet

inhalation of droplets from a cough/sneeze; close contact with someone spitting; cold and flu viruses are spread this way

Vector-borne

from an animal or insect bite

Prevention of bloodborne pathogen transmission

follow OSHA standard on bloodborne pathogens, use safeguards, have an exposure control plan, use universal precautions and standard precautions

Universal precaution

treat all human blood and bodily substances as if they are known to be infectious

Standard precaution

use PPE (gowns, mouth guard, shield, mask, gloves, glasses), hand hygiene, engineering controls, work practice controls, cleanse and disinfect equipment

Exposure

incidents which involve contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials

Exposure procedures

clean the area of contact, write down what happened, notify your supervisor, immediately seek medical attention; follow your facility's post-exposure policies and procedures

Primary Assessment

the first thing to do in any critical situation; 1. survey the scene (is it safe for you? is it safe for the victim? are there any clues as to what happened?), 2. grab PPE (gloves and mask are bare minimum, but if nothing is available use something as a barrier), 3. check responsiveness of the victim using tactile and verbal cues, 4. call 911, 5. check ABC's of victim

Breathing emergencies

2 types: respiratory distress and respiratory arrest; both of these conditions are life threatening; check for breathing and pulse for at least 5 seconds but no longer than 10; these could be cause by an obstructed airway, injury, illness, respiratory conditions, heart attack, coronary heart disease, allergic reactions, electrocution, shock, drowning, poisoning, drugs, or emotional distress

Respiratory distress

difficulty breathing; signs may include slow breathing (bradypnea/hypoventilation), rapid breathing (tachypnea/hyperventilation), deep breathing, shallow breathing, abnormal breath sounds, changes in level of consciousness, increased HR, change in skin appearance/feel, difficulty speaking or sudden silence

Symptoms of respiratory distress

-Dizziness

-Drowsiness

-Light-headedness

-Shortness of Breath

-Tingling sensation at digits & extremities

-General anxiety

-Chest "tightness"/"tension"

Asthma

air passages are narrowing making breathing difficult; involves spasm of bronchi muscles; typical sign is wheezing sound during exhalation

Ephysema

disease in which the lungs lose their ability to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen effectively; caused by smoking; signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, restlessness, confusion, and weakness

Bronchitis

condition which causes inflammation of the lining of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles; causes a buildup of mucus that obstructs air passages; signs and symptoms include persistent cough, tightness in the chest, trouble breathing, restlessness, confusion, and weakness

Anaphylactic shock (anaphylaxis)

a severe allergic reaction; signs and symptoms include skin rash, tightness in chest/throat, swelling of the face, neck, and tongue, dizziness, or confusion

Hyperventilation

breathing faster than normal which causes an imbalance between oxygen and carbon dioxide; signs and symptoms include deep/rapid breathing, fear/apprehension/confusion/dizziness, fingers/toes/lips may feel numb or tingly

care for respiratory distress

Loosen any tight clothing.

Provide fresh air.

Comfortable position.

Make sure someone has called 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

Reassure the victim

Check for other life-threatening conditions.

Interview the victim and any bystanders.

Obstructed airway

most common respiratory emergency; 2 types: anatomical and mechanical

anatomical obstruction

complete or partial blockage of the airway by the tongue or swollen tissues of the throat or mouth

mechanical obstruction

a situation in which bowel is physically blocked by something

Care for conscious choking (adult/child)

assume the airway is obstructed if a person cannot cough, breathe, or speak; position yourself behind the victim and deliver cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until the object is removed, the victim can breathe, or they become unconscious

Care for conscious choking (infant)

assume the airway is obstructed if the infant cannot breathe, cough, or cry; perform 5 back blows followed by 5 chest thrusts; use clamp method for head safety

Respiratory arrest

a life threatening condition in which breathing stops; if uncared for it could lead to cardiac arrest; body systems will progressively fail; you can keep the respiratory system functioning artificially with rescue breathing

rescue ventilations (adult)

when the victim has a pulse but is not breathing -- use a resuscitation mask and give a breath every 5 seconds (12 breaths/minute -- 24 breaths total); reassess breathing/pulse every ~2 minutes

rescue ventilations (child/infant)

when the victim has a pulse but is not breathing -- use a resuscitation mask and give a breath every 3 seconds (20 breaths/minute -- 40 breaths total); reassess breathing/pulse every ~2 minutes

Breathing barriers

A resuscitation mask or face shield (also known as a breathing barrier) may reduce the risk of disease transmission between the responder and the victim

Bag-valve-mask (BVM) resuscitator

reduces the risk of disease transmission and increases the level of oxygen being delivered to a victim; requires 2 rescuers

When to stop rescue breathing

if the scene becomes unsafe, the victim begins to breathe on their own, another trained rescuer takes over, you are too exhausted to continue, the victim has no pulse

Unconscious coking

lower the victim to the ground, begin a cycle of 30 compressions, checking for an object, and 2 rescue breaths; continue this until the object is removed or the breaths make the chest clearly rise

Rescue breathing

pulse present but no breathing

CPR

no pulse and no breathing; 100-120 compressions/minute; 30 compressions & 2 breaths; adult = 2-2.4in; child = 2in; infant = 1.5in

The Emergency Medical System

a network of community resources and advanced medical personnel

The primary purpose of the EMS team is to.

provide immediate medical care to life-threatening injuries and illness

Survival and recovery of critically ill or injured victim depends on

response time, quality/extent of care, and pre-hospital care

Lay responder

has no duty to act

Bystandard Effect

the more people present in a crisis the less likely anyone will do anything to help

Professional Responser

duty to act

What information do you need to provide when you call 911 to activate EMS?

your name, location/directions, care being given,

What is the purpose of rehabilitation?

To return to pre- injury or illness level

What are the primary players in the sports medicine team?

Player, Athletic Trainer, Physician, and Coach

The sports medicine team is part of the ___ in an athletic setting.

EMS

What are three main things to remember during Emergency Action planning?

Provide steps for what to do during an emergency. It should be revised annually by all personnel. It helps to ensure the best possible care.

What should an Emergency Action plan always include?

Directions/Location, emergency personnel available, communication/contact information, and resources available.

What is a blood borne pathogen?

pathogen that travel through human bodily fluids that may be contaminated with blood

What are the three most common blood borne pathogens?

HBV, HCV, and HIV

What are the 4 conditions in which a pathogen can spread?

Sufficient quality, susceptible person, enter body correctly, and must be present.

What are three ways a pathogen can spread?

Direct contact, indirect contact, and droplets

What are workplace controls for blood borne pathogens?

Containing contaminated areas, disposing of needles properly, not eating or drinking in infected areas, avoid splashing infectious materials, cleaning and disinfecting equipment and surfaces, and removing/disposing of PPE

Liabiliy

Legal responsibility for harm

Scope of Practice

Level of training achieved, extent of care able to provide, profession and state dictated

Duty of Care

responsible to provide care for patient while on duty

Negligence

not doing anything to prevent or treat victim, damages

Nonfeasane

indirectly causing harm

Malfeasance

misconduct, dishonesty

Misfeasance

Doing the wrong thing purposefully

Good Samaritan Laws

protect medical personnel while off duty, act in good faith, act without compensation

What are the things you must state when obtaining consent from a conscious adult of a parent of a minor?

name, scope of practice, plan of action/care, ask permission to help, and explain suspected condition

When do you have implied consent?

when the child or adult is unconscious, or when the childs parent isn't present

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996

insures confidentiality, includes both physical and mental health, provided health care, and payment for care

Superior

above

Inferior

below

Anteior

front

Posterior

back

Medial

midline

Lateral

away from midline

Distal

away from joint

Proximal

near joint connections

Deep

inside body

Superficial

surface of the body

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

oxygenate blood, warm blood and moves through the lungs

What is the purpose of the nervous system?

regulatory system, provides sensory and motor information to the body