Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry

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27 Terms

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radioactivity

the process of an unstable nucleus emitting particles and energy to become more stable.

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strong nuclear force

holds the nucleus together-attractive force between protons and neutrons. becomes very weak as nucleus gets bigger

<p>holds the nucleus together-attractive force between protons and neutrons. becomes very weak as nucleus gets bigger</p>
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radiation

energy and particles given off during nuclear decay

<p>energy and particles given off during nuclear decay</p>
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alpha particles

made of 2 protons & 2 neutrons (same as helium nucleus) least penetrating. can be stopped by paper

<p>made of 2 protons &amp; 2 neutrons (same as helium nucleus) least penetrating. can be stopped by paper</p>
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gamma rays

A very dangerous and can only be blocked by lead or very thick slabs of concrete.

<p>A very dangerous and can only be blocked by lead or very thick slabs of concrete.</p>
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transmutation

The process of one element changing into another element

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half-life

The amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay.

<p>The amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay.</p>
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fission

The process of splitting a nucleus into smaller, less massive nuclei.

<p>The process of splitting a nucleus into smaller, less massive nuclei.</p>
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nuclear chain reaction

a series of fission reactions caused by neutrons being emitted and splitting other nuclei

<p>a series of fission reactions caused by neutrons being emitted and splitting other nuclei</p>
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fusion

When two nuclei of smaller masses combine to form one larger, more massive nucleus.

<p>When two nuclei of smaller masses combine to form one larger, more massive nucleus.</p>
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daughter nucleus

The more stable nucleus AFTER an atom decays.

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parent nucleus

The radioactive nucleus BEFORE it decays and releases radiation.

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Electrostatic Force

attraction or repulsion of particles or objects due to their electric charge.

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Isotope

An element with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons.

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Beta Decay

Occurs when a neutron becomes a proton and an electron is emitted from the nucleus.

<p>Occurs when a neutron becomes a proton and an electron is emitted from the nucleus.</p>
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Empty Space

Most of the atom is this

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Helium Nucleus

This is what is released during alpha decay.

<p>This is what is released during alpha decay.</p>
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Electron

This is what is released during beta decay

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Protons and Neutrons

The nucleus is packed tight with these two particles.

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Nucleus

This is was changes during Nuclear decay.

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Geiger counter

Radiation detector that produces a click or a flash of light when a charged particle is detected.

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Ionizing radiation

Radiation strong enough to rip the electrons off of atoms

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Beta symbol

β

<p>β</p>
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Gamma symbol

V

<p>V</p>
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Alpha symbol

knowt flashcard image
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Carbon Dating

Tells us how old organic materials are. It can tell us up to 60,000 years.

<p>Tells us how old organic materials are. It can tell us up to 60,000 years.</p>
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Background Radiation

The nuclear radiation that arises naturally from cosmic rays and from radioactive isotopes in the soil and air.