APES unit 6

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20 Terms

1
Ore
Commercially valuable deposits of concentrated minerals that can be harvested and used as raw materials.
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2
Metals
Elements that conduct electricity, heat, and have structural properties for building, found within ores.
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3
Reserve
The known amount of a resource left that can be mined, usually measured in years left of extraction.
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4
Overburden
Soil, vegetation, and rocks that are removed to access an ore deposit below.
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5
Tailings and Slag
Leftover waste material separated from the valuable metal or mineral with ore, often stored in ponds at the mine site.
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6
Surface Mining
Mining method that requires removing the overburden to access ore near the surface.
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7
Mountaintop Removal
A surface mining method that is most damaging to landscapes and habitats, involving the removal of vegetation and soil.
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8
Subsurface Mining
Mining method that involves digging deeper into the ground, which is more dangerous and expensive.
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9
Acid Mine Drainage
Rainwater leaking into abandoned mine tunnels that mixes with pyrite, forming sulfuric acid and contaminating water sources.
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10
Methane Release
The process by which coal mining releases methane gas, contributing to climate change.
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11
Mine Reclamation
The process of restoring land to its original state after mining has finished.
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12
Renewable Energy Sources
Energy sources that can be replenished naturally at or near the rate of consumption.
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13
Nonrenewable Energy Sources
Energy sources that exist in fixed amounts on earth and cannot be easily replaced or regenerated.
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14
Fossil Fuels
Fossilized remains of ancient biomass that take millions of years to form, including coal, oil, and natural gas.
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15
Depletable Renewables
Renewable energy sources that can run out if overused, such as biomass and ethanol.
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16
Nondepletable Renewables
Renewable energy sources that do not run out if overused, such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric.
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17
Global Energy Consumption
The measurement of energy use across different countries, highlighting differences between developed and developing nations.
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18
Nuclear Energy
Energy generated from uranium or other radioactive fuels.
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19
Energy Source Availability
The dependence of fossil fuel use on discovered reserves and accessibility.
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20
Government Regulations
Rules that can mandate certain energy source mixes or provide incentives for renewable energy development.
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