Review Exam 3 2023

This set of flashcards reviews key terms and concepts related to shoulder and wrist injuries, their mechanisms, treatments, and anatomy.

Rotator Cuff Muscles

The four muscles are supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor.

Impingement Syndrome

Involves structures like the supraspinatus, subacromial bursa, and long head of the biceps.

Shoulder Dislocation Mechanism

Abduction, external rotation, and extension; anterior dislocations are most common.

Shoulder Separation

Involves the acromioclavicular (AC) joint; often caused by falling on an outstretched arm.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Involves the brachial plexus and subclavian artery/nerve.

Bankhart Lesion

A type of injury to the shoulder associated with dislocations.

Hillsachs Lesion

Occurs when dislocating the shoulder, creating a divot in the humeral head.

Medial Epicondylitis

Also known as golfer's elbow; typically caused by repetitive wrist flexion.

Lateral Epicondylitis

Also known as tennis elbow; typically caused by repetitive wrist extension.

Colles Fracture

A fracture of the distal radius in the forearm occurring from falling on an outstretched arm.

Scaphoid Fracture

The most frequently fractured wrist bone; often mimics a wrist sprain.

Avascular Necrosis

Condition that can occur if a bone, such as the scaphoid, is not treated properly.

Median Nerve

The nerve involved in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Transverse Ligament

Structure cut during a carpal tunnel release surgery.

Carpal Tunnel Treatment Actions

Includes cortisone injections, bracing, and activity modifications.

Reverse Colles’ Fracture (Smith’s)

An injury that occurs due to different mechanisms of wrist injury.

Rotator Cuff Function

Besides rotation, it provides stability at the glenohumeral joint.

Prevalence of Shoulder Dislocations

Shoulder dislocations account for 50% of all dislocations in the body.

Repeated Shoulder Dislocations

The recurrence rate for shoulder dislocations is 85-90%.

Shoulder Dislocation vs. Separation

A dislocation is the displacement of the joint; a separation involves injury to the ligaments between the collarbone and shoulder blade.

Interval Throwing Program

A structured rehabilitation program for athletes to help return to throwing.

Throwers Ten

A specific exercise program designed for shoulder rehabilitation.

Tommy John Surgery

A surgical procedure to repair the ulnar collateral ligament in the elbow.

Rotator Cuff and Scapular Stabilizers Importance

Essential for shoulder stability and function, especially in athletes.