Chapter 19: Viruses

COVID-19

disease cased by SARS-Cov-2

SARS-Cov-2

virus that causes COVID-19

two

naming typically involves ____ names, one to refer to the disease and one for the virus itself

cold like; novel virus

corona viruses are well known and cause ______________ symptoms; _______________ and seems to spread more rapidly and have more serious health effects than known corona viruses

severe acute respiratory syndrome

____________________________ is a disease caused by a novel corona virus that infected humans, primarily in China. An outbreak occurred in 2002-2003 and resulted in 8,000 cases

original corona virus

SARS-Cov-2, the current virus, has a ggenome very similar to the __________________, originating in Cihna, making a jump from animals (probably bats) to humans, likely in November 2019

MERS-Cov; highest death rate

a third novel corona virus called __________ originated in Saudi Arabia in 2012; _____________ thus far (3-4 of 10 infected died)

RNA genome; enveloped; structural proteins

SARS-Cov-2

• _______________(25-32 kilobases)

• ____________

• __________________ - spike (S binds to host cell receptors), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N)

single stranded

not all RNA genomes are __________________

animal cells

if a virus is enveloped, it is likely able to infect ________________

key

spike protein is the _____ that allows entry to host cells

PCR

SARS-Cov-2 is distinguishable from other corona viruses using polymerase chain reaction (____) testing, with unique primers that bind to highly variable regions of the spike protein coding region

epithelial tissue

SARS-Cov-2 infects _______________ of the upper respiratory tract, particularly ciliated cells

ciliated cells

line airways to sweep dust and debris from lungs

angiotensin converting enzyme 2

binds using glycoprotein spike to a host cell receptors called _____________________________, which produces a compound that causes blood vessels to constrict depending on environmental stimuli

lipid nanoparticles

small, spherical nonpolar lipid bubbles containing mRNA that codes for viral glycoprotein

nonpolar, polar, membrane

lipid nanoparticles are ____________, so they are compatible with ________ heads of ___________

antibodies; combat; block

foreign glycoproteins train immune system to produce _________ to ________ virus so it can _________ spikes when real virus enters the body

ebola, SARS-Cov-2, rabies, measles, flu

examples of enveloped RNA viruses:

T helper cell

cell that HIV infects