Lecture Notes on Ribosomes

These flashcards cover key concepts about ribosomes, including types, functions, and processes related to protein synthesis.

Ribosome

The 'factory of the cell' responsible for synthesizing proteins.

Free Ribosomes

Ribosomes that are free floating in the cytoplasm, synthesizing proteins meant for the cell, such as enzymes.

Bound Ribosomes

Ribosomes that are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), synthesizing proteins meant for export outside the cell.

Protein Synthesis

The process carried out by ribosomes through decoding mRNA into amino acids and linking them to form proteins.

Subunits of Ribosomes

Ribosomes are made up of two subunits: a small subunit that decodes mRNA and a large subunit that links amino acids.

mRNA (Messenger RNA)

The type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

tRNA (Transfer RNA)

The RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome, matching its anticodons to the mRNA codons.

Peptide Chain

The growing chain of amino acids linked together during protein synthesis.