biochemical pathways - cellular respiration

main inputs, outputs and locations and ATP yield of glycolysis

location: cytoplasm

ATP: 2

inputs: glucose, NAD+, ATP+Pi

outputs: pyruvate, NADH, ATP

main inputs, outputs and locations and ATP yeild of krebs cycle

location: mitochondirla matrix

ATP: 2

inputs: pyruvate, NAD+, FAD, ADP+pi

outputs: Co2, NADH, FADH, ATP

main inputs, outputs and locations and ATP yields of electron transport chain

location: mitochondrial matrix

ATP: 26-28

inputs: NADH, FADH, ADP+Pi, O2

outputs: NAD+, FAD, H20, ATP

location, inputs, and ouputs of anaerobic fermentation in animals and plants

Animals

• location: cytoplasm of muscle cells

• inputs: glucose

• outputs: lactic acid and Atp

yeast and plants

• location: cytoplasm of yeast cells

• inputs: glucose

• outputs: ethanol, carbon dioxide and ATP

factors that affect rate of cellular repsitations

• temperature

• glucose availabilty

• oxygen concentration

factors that affect rate of cellular repsitations - temperature

• when the temeprature drops, molecules move more slowly, so enzymes and their substrates bump into each other less often, leading to slower reactions

• when it is too hot, the extra head can break the bonds holding the shop of the enzymes. this causes the enzyme to denature, meaning it can no longer bind to substrate. As a result the reaction rate drops, because the enzymes and subtrates wont be able to collide.

factors that affect rate of cellular repsitations - glucose availability

• glucose is the substrate for glycosis.

• increasing the availility of glucose will increase the rate of cellular respiration up to a saturation point.

factors that affect rate of cellular repsitations - oxygen concentration

• oxygen is needed for the electron transport chain to work, if there is not enough oxygen, the process slows dowb, if theres no oxygen at all, some cells start using fermentation to make enough ATP to keep going.