B1: Thermal energy transfer

Thermal equilibrium

Objects at the same temperature

Temperature

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

Absolute zero

temperature at which all particle movement ceases, internal energy is zero.

Internal energy

The total kinetic and potential energy of the molecules of a body

Thermal energy

The net amount of energy transferred between two bodies at different temperatures

Thermal capacity

the amount of energy needed to raise an object's temperature by 1 Kelvin

Specific heat capacity

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin.

Specific latent heat

the amount of energy per unit mass absorbed or released during a change of phase.

Intensity

Power per unit area

Inverse square law of radiation

The power/intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from its source (I ∝ 1/r^2)

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

The total power radiated by a black body (per unit area) is proportional to the Kelvin temperature to the fourth power (P α T^4)

Black body

A perfect absorber and emitter of e.m. radiation

Density

Average random kinetic energy of particles

Heat (energy transferred) +Specific

Heat (energy transferred) +Latent

amount of heat (energy) transfer

Luminosity (total power output)

Brightness (intensity)

Peak Wavelength